Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of patients included for the evaluation of prognostic factors and establishment of nomogram
| Clinical features | Low risk | High risk | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | |||
| Overall Survival (day) | 625.75 ± 352.45 | 282.04 ± 177.79 | < 0.001 |
| Risk Score | 1.63 ± 0.25 | 2.11 ± 0.15 | < 0.001 |
| Age | 63.90 ± 12.09 | 63.73 ± 11.06 | 0.952 |
| Size (cm) | 3.40 ± 1.07 | 4.29 ± 2.00 | 0.013 |
| N (%) | |||
| Survival status | < 0.001 | ||
| Alive | 27 (52.94%) | 3 (11.54%) | |
| Dead | 24 (47.06%) | 23 (88.46%) | |
| KRAS mutation | 0.787 | ||
| Wildtype | 7 (13.73%) | 3 (11.54%) | |
| Mutant | 44 (86.27%) | 23 (88.46%) | |
| TP53 mutation | 0.209 | ||
| Wildtype | 19 (37.25%) | 6 (23.08%) | |
| Mutant | 32 (62.75%) | 20 (76.92%) | |
| CDKN2A mutation | 0.164 | ||
| Wildtype | 32 (62.75%) | 12 (46.15%) | |
| Mutant | 19 (37.25%) | 14 (53.85%) | |
| SMAD4 mutation | 0.555 | ||
| Wildtype | 36 (70.59%) | 20 (76.92%) | |
| Mutant | 15 (29.41%) | 6 (23.08%) | |
| BRCA1 mutation | 0.073 | ||
| Wildtype | 50 (98.04%) | 23 (88.46%) | |
| Mutant | 1 (1.96%) | 3 (11.54%) | |
| BRCA2 mutation | 0.306 | ||
| Wildtype | 49 (96.08%) | 26 (100.00%) | |
| Mutant | 2 (3.92%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Sex | 0.945 | ||
| Male | 29 (56.86%) | 15 (57.69%) | |
| Female | 22 (43.14%) | 11 (42.31%) | |
| Subtype | 0.179 | ||
| Pancreas-Adenocarcinoma Ductal Type | 44 (86.27%) | 25 (96.15%) | |
| Pancreas-AdenocarcinomaOther Subtype | 7 (13.73%) | 1 (3.85%) | |
| Grade | 0.331 | ||
| G1 | 4 (7.84%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| G2 | 31 (60.78%) | 15 (57.69%) | |
| G3 | 15 (29.41%) | 11 (42.31%) | |
| G4 | 1 (1.96%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| T | 0.223 | ||
| T1 | 4 (7.84%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| T2 | 6 (11.76%) | 1 (3.85%) | |
| T3 | 40 (78.43%) | 25 (96.15%) | |
| T4 | 1 (1.96%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| N | 0.195 | ||
| N0 | 17 (33.33%) | 5 (19.23%) | |
| N1 | 34 (66.67%) | 21 (80.77%) | |
| M | 0.471 | ||
| M0 | 29 (56.86%) | 17 (65.38%) | |
| Mx | 22 (43.14%) | 9 (34.62%) | |
| AJCC stage | 0.559 | ||
| IA | 3 (5.88%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| IB | 4 (7.84%) | 1 (3.85%) | |
| IIA | 9 (17.65%) | 4 (15.38%) | |
| IIB | 34 (66.67%) | 21 (80.77%) | |
| III | 1 (1.96%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Residual tumor | 0.017 | ||
| R0 | 35 (68.63%) | 9 (34.62%) | |
| R1 | 15 (29.41%) | 16 (61.54%) | |
| R2 | 1 (1.96%) | 1 (3.85%) | |
| Site | 0.497 | ||
| Head of Pancreas | 41 (80.39%) | 24 (92.31%) | |
| Body of Pancreas | 3 (5.88%) | 1 (3.85%) | |
| Tail of Pancreas | 4 (7.84%) | 1 (3.85%) | |
| Others | 3 (5.88%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Initial pathologic diagnosis method | 0.887 | ||
| Tumor resection | 31 (60.78%) | 17 (65.38%) | |
| Tissue Biopsy | 13 (25.49%) | 5 (19.23%) | |
| Cytology (e.g. Peritoneal or pleural fluid) | 5 (9.80%) | 3 (11.54%) | |
| Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy | 1 (1.96%) | 1 (3.85%) | |
| Not available | 1 (1.96%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Surgical treatment | 0.761 | ||
| Whipple | 41 (80.39%) | 24 (92.31%) | |
| Distal Pancreatectomy | 6 (11.76%) | 2 (7.69%) | |
| Distal Pancreatectomy & laporoscopy followed by Hand-assisted and Splenectomy | 1 (1.96%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Subtotal pancreatectomy and splenectomy and cholecystectomy | 1 (1.96%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Total Pancreatectomy | 1 (1.96%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreaticography | 1 (1.96%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
| History of chemotherapy | 0.057 | ||
| No | 11 (21.57%) | 11 (42.31%) | |
| Yes | 40 (78.43%) | 15 (57.69%) | |
| History of radiation therapy | 0.039 | ||
| No | 34 (66.67%) | 23 (88.46%) | |
| Yes | 17 (33.33%) | 3 (11.54%) | |
| History of targeted molecular therapy | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 10 (19.61%) | 15 (57.69%) | |
| Yes | 41 (80.39%) | 11 (42.31%) | |
| Tobacco smoking history | 0.550 | ||
| Lifelong Non-smoker | 18 (35.29%) | 12 (46.15%) | |
| Current smoker | 7 (13.73%) | 6 (23.08%) | |
| Current reformed smoker for > 15 years | 13 (25.49%) | 4 (15.38%) | |
| Current reformed smoker for ≤ 15 years | 9 (17.65%) | 3 (11.54%) | |
| Current reformed smoker, duration not specified | 4 (7.84%) | 1 (3.85%) | |
| Alcohol drinking history | 0.679 | ||
| No | 14 (27.45%) | 6 (23.08%) | |
| Yes | 37 (72.55%) | 20 (76.92%) | |
| History of chronic pancreatitis | 0.655 | ||
| No | 45 (88.24%) | 22 (84.62%) | |
| Yes | 6 (11.76%) | 4 (15.38%) | |
| History of diabetes | 0.679 | ||
| No | 37 (72.55%) | 20 (76.92%) | |
| Yes | 14 (27.45%) | 6 (23.08%) | |
| History of Prior Malignancy | 0.981 | ||
| No | 47 (92.16%) | 24 (92.31%) | |
| Yes | 4 (7.84%) | 2 (7.69%) | |
PDAC patients from the TCGA-PAAD dataset without complete clinical information were excluded.