Table 5.
Multivariate Cox regression analysis
| Exposure | Non-adjusted | Adjust I | Adjust II | Adjust III |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Score | 6.11 (2.01, 18.59) 0.0014 | 7.66 (2.28, 25.70) 0.0010 | 7.66 (2.28, 25.70) 0.0010 | 7.50 (1.93, 29.18) 0.0037 |
| Age | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) 0.1665 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) 0.2208 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) 0.0806 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.06) 0.1834 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Female | 1.26 (0.71, 2.24) 0.4278 | 1.22 (0.68, 2.17) 0.5065 | 1.23 (0.69, 2.19) 0.4921 | NA |
| Size (cm) | 1.22 (1.01, 1.47) 0.0422 | 1.26 (1.02, 1.55) 0.0318 | 1.24 (1.00, 1.53) 0.0450 | 1.23 (0.97, 1.57) 0.0828 |
| KRAS mutation | ||||
| Wildtype | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Mutant | 1.21 (0.51, 2.86) 0.6593 | 1.19 (0.50, 2.84) 0.6990 | 0.95 (0.39, 2.27) 0.9016 | NA |
| TP53 mutation | ||||
| Wildtype | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Mutant | 1.27 (0.68, 2.37) 0.4612 | 1.40 (0.73, 2.66) 0.3086 | 1.10 (0.55, 2.20) 0.7773 | NA |
| CDKN2A mutation | ||||
| Wildtype | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mutant | 1.87 (1.04, 3.36) 0.0362 | 2.02 (1.07, 3.80) 0.0290 | 1.48 (0.75, 2.93) 0.2546 | 0.79 (0.37, 1.66) 0.5279 |
| SMAD4 mutation | ||||
| Wildtype | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Mutant | 0.72 (0.37, 1.39) 0.3267 | 0.75 (0.39, 1.46) 0.4045 | 0.85 (0.43, 1.68) 0.6420 | NA |
| BRCA1 mutation | ||||
| Wildtype | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Mutant | 4.06 (1.43, 11.53) 0.0086 | 3.72 (1.26, 10.97) 0.0171 | 2.68 (0.89, 8.07) 0.0807 | 2.31 (0.61, 8.72) 0.2188 |
| BRCA2 mutation | ||||
| Wildtype | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Mutant | 1.87 (0.45, 7.80) 0.3892 | 1.94 (0.44, 8.65) 0.3829 | 2.04 (0.46, 9.10) 0.3476 | NA |
| Site | ||||
| Head of Pancreas | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Body and tail of Pancreas and others | 0.39 (0.14, 1.10) 0.0744 | 0.42 (0.15, 1.19) 0.1019 | 0.41 (0.14, 1.20) 0.1052 | 0.54 (0.15, 1.95) 0.3459 |
| Subtype | ||||
| Pancreas-Adenocarcinoma Ductal Type | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Pancreas-Adenocarcinoma-Other Subtype | 0.60 (0.22, 1.68) 0.3336 | 0.67 (0.24, 1.89) 0.4447 | 0.76 (0.27, 2.20) 0.6180 | NA |
| Grade | ||||
| G1 and G2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| G3 and G4 | 1.41 (0.79, 2.53) 0.2487 | 1.33 (0.73, 2.41) 0.3471 | 1.10 (0.60, 2.01) 0.7582 | 1.12 (0.55, 2.28) 0.7447 |
| T | ||||
| T1 and T2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| T3 and T4 | 2.45 (0.87, 6.88) 0.0887 | inf. (0.00, Inf) 0.9958 | inf. (0.00, Inf) 0.9960 | 1.75 (0.47, 6.47) 0.4049 |
| N | ||||
| N0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| N1 | 2.33 (1.12, 4.85) 0.0231 | 2.48 (0.96, 6.45) 0.0620 | 2.26 (0.87, 5.86) 0.0926 | 1.61 (0.63, 4.09) 0.3195 |
| AJCC stage | ||||
| I | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| II and III | 1.63 (0.58, 4.57) 0.3547 | 1.53 (0.54, 4.32) 0.4194 | 1.43 (0.51, 4.02) 0.4991 | NA |
| Residual tumor | ||||
| R0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| R1 | 2.14 (1.17, 3.92) 0.0132 | 2.27 (1.21, 4.26) 0.0108 | 2.00 (1.06, 3.78) 0.0331 | 1.25 (0.55, 2.83) 0.5878 |
| R2 | 1.92 (0.25, 14.58) 0.5270 | 1.92 (0.24, 15.22) 0.5387 | 2.61 (0.32, 21.37) 0.3718 | 4.69 (0.45, 48.71) 0.1958 |
| Surgical treatment | ||||
| Whipple | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Distal Pancreatectomy | 0.55 (0.20, 1.54) 0.2520 | 0.60 (0.21, 1.69) 0.3308 | 0.60 (0.21, 1.72) 0.3419 | NA |
| Others | 0.00 (0.00, Inf) 0.9971 | 0.00 (0.00, Inf) 0.9971 | 0.00 (0.00, Inf) 0.9972 | NA |
| History of radiation therapy | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 0.28 (0.12, 0.66) 0.0035 | 0.27 (0.11, 0.65) 0.0034 | 0.27 (0.11, 0.66) 0.0042 | 0.43 (0.16, 1.19) 0.1059 |
| History of targeted molecular therapy | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 0.18 (0.10, 0.33) < 0.0001 | 0.16 (0.08, 0.30) < 0.0001 | 0.14 (0.07, 0.28) < 0.0001 | 0.24 (0.07, 0.84) 0.0260 |
| History of chemotherapy | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 0.36 (0.20, 0.66) 0.0008 | 0.26 (0.14, 0.49) < 0.0001 | 0.22 (0.11, 0.43) < 0.0001 | 0.48 (0.13, 1.79) 0.2740 |
| Tobacco smoking history | ||||
| Lifelong non-smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Current or former smoker | 0.80 (0.44, 1.44) 0.4526 | 0.81 (0.45, 1.47) 0.4970 | 0.93 (0.51, 1.70) 0.8087 | NA |
| Alcohol drinking history | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Yes | 1.45 (0.74, 2.86) 0.2782 | 1.35 (0.66, 2.76) 0.4175 | 1.08 (0.51, 2.25) 0.8467 | NA |
| History of chronic pancreatitis | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Yes | 0.70 (0.30, 1.66) 0.4209 | 0.77 (0.31, 1.89) 0.5656 | 0.49 (0.20, 1.24) 0.1319 | NA |
| History of diabetes | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 0.51 (0.24, 1.10) 0.0849 | 0.54 (0.24, 1.19) 0.1264 | 0.62 (0.28, 1.38) 0.2417 | 0.32 (0.13, 0.79) 0.0141 |
| History of prior malignancy | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Yes | 1.59 (0.56, 4.52) 0.3848 | 1.38 (0.48, 4.02) 0.5503 | 1.03 (0.35, 3.02) 0.9599 | NA |
Adjust I model adjust for: Age, Sex, and AJCC Stage;
Adjust II model adjust for: Age, Sex, AJCC Stage, and Risk Score;
Adjust III model adjust for parameters with p < 0.25 based on univariate analysis.