Fig. 25.

Pre-monsoon growth of the variance of fluctuations${\overline{\sigma }}^2$defined in Eq. (121)of the weekly mean values of near SAT$T$. (a) 21 days, (b) 7 days, and (c) 1 day before the ISM onset in the Eastern Ghats (EG), $\mathrm{d}=\mathrm{c}-\mathrm{a}$. Composites are for the period 1958–2001 and were calculated from the ERA40 reanalysis dataset,​ 700 hPa winds are indicated by the blue lines. Two boxes refer to the RPs: North Pakistan, NP (blue) and EG (pink). (e) Growth of the variance of fluctuations in NP (blue), EG (pink), and averaged over the Indian subcontinent (IS) at approaching the onset date of the monsoon.

Figure from Ref. [95].