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. 2020 Sep 2;10(24):11049–11062. doi: 10.7150/thno.49168

Figure 5.

Figure 5

SE-derived ncRNAs regulate tumor-associated inflammatory response. A. The transcription factor FOXP3 can bind to the SE regions of pri-miR-142 to promote its transcription, thereby inhibiting the expression of its downstream target gene PDE3b. SE-derived miR-142 leads to immune tolerance. B. Transcription factors and the co-factors NF-κB, BRD4, and RNA Pol II can bind to the SE region upstream of pri-miR-146a and pri-miR-155 and promote their transcription. Tumor angiogenesis can be mediated by miR-146a, which participates in the recruitment and activation of tumor-associated macrophages to induce the secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1); miR-155 can be released into the tumor microenvironment by malignant cells and transferred into normal cells via exosomes. C. SE-derived lnc-Ang383 is induced to transcript in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and promotes VSMC proliferation and angiogenesis.