Fig. 1.

Novel serological indicators in COVID-19 patients. Patients with severe form of COVID-19 had higher levels of NLR (a), PLR (b), HsCAR (d), dNLR (e), SII (g), and HsCPAR (i), and lower levels of LMR (c), PNI (f), and AFR (h) when compared to those in mild to moderate patients. Statistical significance was determined using the Mann-Whitney U test. Abbreviations: NLR, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-lymphocyte ratio; LMR, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio; dNLR, derived neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio; HsCAR, high sensitivity C-reactive protein-albumin ratio; AFR, albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; HsCPAR, high sensitivity C-reactive protein-prealbumin ratio.