Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of studied type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and controls (n=1058)
| Variables | T2DM patients (n=529), n (%) | Controls (n=529), n (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age groups (years) | |||
| <40 | 134 (25.3) | 124 (23.4) | 0.664 |
| 40-49 | 123 (23.3) | 140 (26.5) | |
| 50-59 | 145 (27.4) | 142 (26.8) | |
| >60 and above | 127 (24.0) | 123 (23.3) | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 261 (49.3) | 267 (50.5) | 0.712 |
| Female | 268 (50.7) | 262 (49.5) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.008 | ||
| Normal (<25) | 140 (26.5) | 182 (34.5) | |
| Overweight (29-30) | 246 (46.5) | 233 (44.2) | |
| Obese (>30) | 143 (27.0) | 112 (23.3) | |
| Physical activity 30 min/day | |||
| Yes | 141 (26.7) | 159 (30.1) | 0.220 |
| No | 388 (73.3) | 370 (69.9) | |
| Household income | |||
| Low | 168 (31.8) | 140 (26.4) | 0.014 |
| Medium | 264 (49.9) | 257 (48.7) | |
| High | 97 (18.3) | 132 (24.9) | |
| Sheesha smoking | |||
| Yes | 96 (18.7) | 75 (14.2) | 0.047 |
| No | 430 (81.3) | 454 (85.8) | |
| Cigarette smoking | |||
| Never | 419 (79.2) | 401 (75.8) | 0.013 |
| Current smoker | 80 (15.1) | 72 (13.6) | |
| Past smoker | 30 (5.7) | 56 (10.6) | |
| Family history of hypertension | |||
| Yes | 119 (22.5) | 84 (15.9) | 0.006 |
| No | 410 (77.5) | 445 (84.1) | |
| Metabolic syndrome ATP - III | |||
| Yes | 138 (26.1) | 65 (12.3) | 0.001 |
| No | 391 (73.9) | 464 (87.7) | |
| CHD | |||
| Yes | 82 (15.5) | 53 (10.0) | 0.008 |
| No | 447 (84.5) | 476 (90.0) | |
| Family history of nephropathy | |||
| Yes | 80 (15.1) | 22 (4.2) | 0.001 |
| No | 449 (84.9) | 507 (95.8) |
CHD: Coronary heart disease, BMI: Body mass index, T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, ATP: Acute thrombocytopenic purpura