Table 2.
Bivariate relationships between safety and multi-level factors
| In home | In neighborhood | Outside neighborhood3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Safe | Unsafe | Safe | Unsafe | Safe | Unsafe | |
| Environmental factors | ||||||
| Events own culture:1 Yes | 148 (96.7) | 5 (3.3) | 148 (96.7)** | 5 (3.3)** | 140 (92.1)* | 12 (7.9)* |
| No | 68 (93.2) | 5 (6.8) | 62 (84.9)** | 11 (15.1)** | 58 (81.7)* | 13 (18.3)* |
| Events other culture:2 Yes | 93 (96.9) | 3 (3.1) | 90 (93.8) | 6 (6.3) | 89 (92.7)* | 7 (7.3)* |
| No | 135 (93.1) | 10 (6.9) | 132 (91.0) | 13 (9.0) | 120 (83.9)* | 23 (16.1)* |
| Discrimination: Experienced | 9 (100) | 0 (0) | 6 (66.7)** | 3 (33.3)** | 7 (77.8) | 2 (22.2) |
| Not experienced | 224 (94.4) | 13 (5.6) | 218 (93.2)** | 16 (6.8)** | 203 (87.9) | 28 (12.1) |
| Calling police:3 Comfortable | 198 (94.7) | 11 (5.3) | 194 (92.8) | 15 (7.2) | 184 (88.5) | 24 (11.5) |
| Not comfortable | 27 (93.1) | 2 (6.9) | 15 (7.2) | 4 (13.8) | 22 (78.6) | 6 (21.4) |
| Home visit frequency: M (SD) | − .01 (1.00) | .15 (.95) | .03 (1.03)* | − .33 (.37)* | .02 (1.03) | − .10 (.75) |
| Individual and social factors | ||||||
| Gender:2 Female, N (%) | 116 (94.3) | 7 (5.7) | 113 (91.9) | 10 (8.1) | 104 (86.0) | 17 (14.0) |
| Male | 112 (94.9) | 6 (5.1) | 109 (92.4) | 9 (7.6) | 104 (88.9) | 13 (11.1) |
| Age:2 M (SD) | 36.8 (12.2) | 37.2 (8.4) | 37.0 (12.1) | 34.3 (10.6) | 36.7 (11.6) | 38.0 (14.4) |
| Nationality:2 DRC, N (%) | 59 (96.7) | 2 (3.3) | 59 (96.7) | 2 (3.3) | 57 (95.0)* | 3 (5.0)* |
| Bhutan | 24 (100) | 0 (0) | 22 (91.7) | 2 (8.3) | 14 (58.3)** | 10 (41.7)** |
| Burma | 10 (90.9) | 1 (9.1) | 10 (90.9) | 1 (9.1) | 10 (90.9) | 1 (9.1) |
| Burundi | 14 (100) | 0 (0) | 13 (92.9) | 1 (7.1) | 14 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Syria | 29 (85.3)* | 5 (14.7)* | 30 (88.2) | 4 (11.8) | 22 (66.7)** | 11 (33.3)** |
| Somalia | 24 (85.7)* | 4 (14.3)* | 24 (85.7) | 4 (14.3) | 26 (92.9) | 2 (7.1) |
| Iraq | 28 (100) | 0 (0) | 28 (100) | 0 (0) | 28 (100)* | 0 (0)* |
| Other | 40 (97.6) | 1 (2.4) | 36 (87.8) | 5 (12.2) | 37 (92.5) | 3 (7.5) |
| Marital status:2 Married, N (%) | 160 (93.6) | 11 (6.4) | 157 (91.8) | 14 (8.2) | 145 (85.3) | 25 (14.7) |
| Unmarried | 68 (97.1) | 2 (2.9) | 65 (92.9) | 5 (7.1) | 63 (92.6) | 5 (7.4) |
| Household size:2 M (SD) | 4.5 (2.3)* | 5.5 (1.3)* | 4.6 (2.3) | 4.7 (2.4) | 4.5 (2.3) | 5.0 (1.8) |
| State: Utah, N (%) | 134 (95.7) | 6 (4.3) | 128 (91.4) | 12 (8.6) | 124 (89.2) | 15 (10.8) |
| Arizona | 96 (93.2) | 7 (6.8) | 96 (93.2) | 7 (6.8) | 86 (85.1) | 15 (14.9) |
| Time since arrival:2 M (SD) | 279.8 (71.0) | 265.1 (63.2) | 280.3 (71.2) | 263.4 (61.9) | 277.5 (69.1) | 288.1 (82.9) |
| Employed4 | 138 (94.5) | 8 (5.5) | 136 (92.3) | 10 (6.8) | 132 (91.0)* | 13 (9.0)* |
| Not employed | 91 (94.8) | 5 (5.2) | 87 (90.6) | 9 (9.4) | 77 (81.0)* | 17 (18.1)* |
N = 243, *p < .05, **p < .01, 1n = 226, 2n = 241, 3n = 238, 4n = 242