Table 4. L, [A+B], and D mtDNA haplogroup cybrids had varying gene expression values after treatment with cisplatin.

Gene expression results, as well as detailed overviews for ALK, BRCA1, EGFR, and ERBB2/HER2 genes, were summarized into one table. Gene expression values were observed with qPCR for all L, [A+B], and D cybrids and assessed for statistical significance relative to their untreated controls. Cybrids cultured to the fifth passage were plated in six-well plates (500,000 cells/well) and incubated for 24 h. Cybrids were then treated with culture media containing either 0 or 40 µM of cisplatin for an additional 48 h. RNA was isolated and qRT-PCR was conducted to analyze gene expression. Cancer-related nuclear genes were selected as they are common targets and biomarkers in chemotherapeutic treatments. Fold differences were quantified using the equation 2^(ΔΔCt), and the values for each sample were normalized to that of the untreated for each haplogroup. There were significant drops in gene expression levels in the treated-L cybrids for ALK gene expression (−18.8% ± 9.7%, p < 0.0001), and treated-[A+B] for both ALK and EGFR gene expression levels (−17.5% ± 9.5%, p = 0.0001; −49.2% ± 17.1%, p = 0.025). Each experiment was conducted three separate times. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (all in bold).

SYMBOL	GENE NAME	GENBANK ACCESSION NUMBERS	FUNCTIONS	L Cybrids Untreated# vs. Treated P value, Fold	[A+B] Cybrids Untreated# vs. Treated P value, Fold	D Cybrids Untreated# vs. Treated P value, Fold
ALK	Anaplastic Lymphoma Receptor Tyrosine Kinase	NM_004304	Receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in the development of the brain. Found to be rearranged, mutated, or amplified in a series of tumors resulting in many types of cancers.	<0.0001****, 0.188 ± 0.0973	0.0001***, 0.175 ± 0.0950	0.290, 2.82 ± 1.48
BRCA1	DNA Repair associated	NM_007294	Nuclear Phospho-protein that acts as a tumor suppressor by maintaining genomic stability. Involved in transcription, DNA, repair of double-stranded breaks, recombination.	0.356, 1.36 ± 0.372	0.294, 1.55 ± 0.477	0.158, 3.42 ± 1.39
EGFR	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor	NM_005228	Triggers cell proliferation when bound to epidermal growth factor.	0.301, 0.760 ± 0.217	0.0246*, 0.492 ± 0.171	0.218, .602 ± 0.273
ERBB2/HER2	Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2	NM_004448	Members of epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Stabilizes binding of epidermal growth factors to receptor.	0.839, 1.06 ± 0.298	0.379, 0.820 ± 0.189	0.325, 1.96 ± 1.75