Table 1. Autonomic dysfunction and the incident risk of AF at a population level.
SD = Standard Deviation. CI = confidence Interval. HRV = Heart Rate Variability (SD normal-normal RR interval).
| Study | Measure | Population | Study size | Mean Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct evidence of autonomic dysfunction | ||||
| Agarwal et al.25 | Heart Rate Variability | Atherosclerosis Risks in Communities (ARIC) | 11,715 | 54±6 |
| Indirect evidence of autonomic dysfunction | ||||
| Fedorowski et al.28 | Orthostatic hypotension | Malmö, Sweden | 33,346 | 46±7 |
| Agarwal et al.29 | Orthostatic hypotension | Atherosclerosis Risks in Communities (ARIC) | 12, 071 | 55±6 |
| Eaker et al.32 | Psychosocial: Anger and Hostility measures | Framingham offspring | 3873 | 49±10 |