Fig. 8.
Needle manipulation under ultrasound. (A) Illustration of possible needle manipulation during sagittal-plane ultrasound-guided (USG) paravertebral block (PVB). Note that unlike landmark-based technique, the needle may be redirected cephalad safely without risking injury to the neurovascular bundle. Used with permission of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, all rights reserved. (B) Illustration of possible needle orientation during transverse-plane USG-PVB. Note that with proper visualization of visceral and parietal pleura, the needle may be directed medially safely. Used with permission of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, all rights reserved.