Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics Among Patients Diagnosed with Asthma, COPD and Asthma-COPD Overlap
| Characteristics | Asthma, N = 205,596 |
COPD, N = 24,672 |
Asthma-COPD Overlap, N = 11,811 |
Overall, N = 242,079 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean, STD) | 46.86 (±19.6) | 79.38 (±12.6) | 76.08 (±15.9) | 51.60 (±22.0) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 92,849 (45.2%) | 14,350 (58.2%) | 6,513 (55.1%) | 128,367 (53%) |
| Female | 112,747 (54.8%) | 10,322 (41.8%) | 5,298 (44.9%) | 113,712 (47%) |
| Year of cohort entry | ||||
| January 1998–December 2007 | 143,333 (69.7%) | 11,210 (45.4%) | 6,417 (54.3%) | 160,960 (66.5%) |
| January 2008–July 2018 | 62,263 (30.3%) | 13,462 (54.6%) | 5,394 (45.7%) | 81,119 (33.5%) |
| Body mass index (BMI) | ||||
| Underweight | 16,841 (11.2%) | 1,251 (5.6%) | 479 (4.4%) | 18,571 (10.2%) |
| Normal | 59,896 (40.0%) | 8,751 (39.5%) | 3,885 (36.1%) | 72,532 (39.7%) |
| Overweight | 42,006 (28.0%) | 7,101 (32.0%) | 3,755 (34.9%) | 52,862 (28.9%) |
| Obese | 31,086 (20.8%) | 5070 (22.9%) | 2654 (24.6%) | 38,810 (21.2%) |
| Rx received as initial treatment | ||||
| ICS | 71,024 (34.6%) | 3245 (13.2%) | 2869 (24.3%) | 77,138 (31.9%) |
| ICS/LABA | 3737 (1.8%) | 2084 (8.5%) | 1017 (8.6%) | 6838 (2.8%) |
| LABA | 1253 (0.6%) | 875 (0.4%) | 410 (3.4%) | 2538 (1.1%) |
| LAMA | 97 (0.1%) | 2436 (9.9%) | 538 (4.7%) | 3071 (1.3%) |
| SABA | 128,379 (62.4%) | 13,609 (55.2%) | 6069 (51.4%) | 148,057 (61.1%) |
| SAMA | 1106 (0.5%) | 2423 (9.8%) | 908 (7.6%) | 4437 (1.8%) |
| Index of deprivation | ||||
| Least deprived | 46,363 (22.6%) | 3760 (15.3%) | 1873 (15.9%) | 51,996 (21.5%) |
| Less deprived | 43,752 (21.3%) | 4673 (19.0%) | 2292 (19.4%) | 50,717 (21.0%) |
| Deprived | 42,186 (20.5%) | 4915 (16.0%) | 2320 (19.7%) | 49,421 (20.4%) |
| More deprived | 38,377 (18.7%) | 5257 (21.3%) | 2606 (22.1%) | 46,240 (19.1%) |
| Most deprived | 34,681 (16.9%) | 6026 (24.4%) | 2714 (22.9%) | 43,421 (18.0%) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| No | 89,199 (56.4%) | 2493 (10.4%) | 2199 (19.1%) | 93,891 (48.5%) |
| Yes | 38,991 (24.6%) | 11,214 (46.8%) | 4220 (36.6%) | 54,425 (28.1%) |
| Ex-smoker | 29,998 (19.0%) | 10,246 (42.8%) | 5112 (44.3%) | 45,356 (23.4%) |
| Respiratory drugs before cohort entry | ||||
| Oral corticosteroid | ||||
| Yes | 21,803 (10.6%) | 4562 (18.5%) | 2446 (20.7%) | 28,811 (11.9%) |
| No | 183,793 (89.4%) | 20,110 (81.5%) | 9365 (79.3%) | 213,268 (88.1%) |
| Methylxanthine | ||||
| Yes | 574 (0.3%) | 331 (1.3%) | 241 (2.0%) | 1146 (0.5%) |
| No | 205,022 (99.7%) | 24,341 (98.7%) | 11,570 (98.0%) | 240,933 (99.5%) |
| Other drugs before cohort entry | ||||
| NSAIDs | ||||
| Yes | 24,211 (11.8%) | 3771 (15.3%) | 1798 (15.2%) | 29,780 (12.3%) |
| No | 181,385 (88.2%) | 20,901 (84.7%) | 10,013 (84.8%) | 212,299 (87.7%) |
| Opioids | ||||
| Yes | 6219 (3.0%) | 2429 (9.9%) | 1025 (8.7%) | 9673 (4.0%) |
| No | 199,377 (97.0%) | 22,243 (90.1%) | 10,786 (91.3%) | 232,406 (96.0%) |
| Acetaminophen | ||||
| Yes | 12,782 (6.2%) | 4245 (17.2%) | 1637 (13.9%) | 18,664 (7.7%) |
| No | 192,814 (93.8%) | 20,427 (82.8%) | 10,0174 (85.1%) | 223,415 (92.3%) |
| Comorbidity in year before cohort entry | ||||
| 0 | 164,782 (80.2%) | 7771 (31.5%) | 4569 (38.7%) | 177,122 (73.2%) |
| 1 | 26,980 (13.1%) | 7332 (29.7%) | 3403 (28.8%) | 37,715 (15.6%) |
| >1 | 13,834 (6.7%) | 9569 (38.8%) | 3839 (32.5%) | 27,242 (11.2%) |
| Physician visits in year before cohort entry | ||||
| 1–17 | 184,396 (89.7%) | 16,077 (65.2%) | 8270 (70.0%) | 208,743 (86.2%) |
| 18–35 | 18,440 (9.0%) | 6,885 (27.9%) | 2896 (24.5%) | 28,221 (11.7%) |
| >36 | 2760 (1.3%) | 1710 (6.9%) | 645 (5.5%) | 5115 (2.1%) |
| No. of hospitalization in year before cohort entry | ||||
| 0 | 176,156 (85.7%) | 16,226 (65.8%) | 8643 (73.2%) | 201,025 (83.0%) |
| 1 | 20,662 (10.1%) | 5027 (20.4%) | 1939 (16.4%) | 27,628 (11.4%) |
| >1 | 8778 (4.2%) | 3419 (13.8%) | 1229 (10.4%) | 13,426 (5.6%) |
Abbreviations: ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; SABA, short-acting beta2-agonist; LABA, long-acting beta2-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI, confidence interval; ACO, asthma-COPD overlap; Rx, prescription; STD, standard deviation; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.