Table 3.
Multivariable Analyses of Gender Differences in Inhaled Pharmacotherapies by Three Obstructive Airway Diseases
| Pharmacotherapies# | Asthma | COPD | Asthma-COPD Overlap | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR: 95% CI | (aOR: 95% CI) | OR: 95% CI | aOR: 95% CI | OR: 95% CI | aOR: 95% CI | |
| ICS | ||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 1.03 (1.01–1.05)* | 0.97 (0.95–0.99)* | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.89 (0.82–0.97)* | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) |
| ICS/LABA | ||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 1.15 (1.08–1.23)** | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.06 (0.97–1.18) | 1.11 (0.97–1.26) | 1.09 (0.96–1.25) |
| LABA | ||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 0.94 (0.83–1.05) | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | 1.27 (1.10–1.46)* | 1.29 (1.12–1.49)* | 1.23 (1.01–1.50)* | 1.26 (1.03–1.55)* |
| LAMA | ||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 1.14 (0.77–1.70) | 1.40 (0.93–2.10) | 1.20 (1.11–1.31)** | 1.21 (1.10–1.33)** | 1.33 (1.11–1.59)* | 1.27 (1.05–1.53)* |
| SABA | ||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 0.97 (0.95–0.99)* | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.87 (0.83–0.91)** | 0.84 (0.80–0.89)** | 0.93 (0.86–0.99)* | 0.89 (0.82–0.96)* |
| SAMA | ||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 1.12 (0.99–1.26) | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 1.11 (1.01–1.21)* | 1.22 (1.06–1.40)* | 1.28 (1.11–1.48)* |
Notes: **p < 0.0001; *p < 0.05; #Adjusted for all factors listed in Table 2.
Abbreviations: OR, unadjusted odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; SABA, short-acting beta2-agonist; LABA, long-acting beta2-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CI, confidence interval; ACO, asthma-COPD overlap.