Table 3.

Summary of pharmacological activities and mechanisms of Poria cocos.

PharmacologicalEffects	Chemical component	Mechanism	Cell Lines/Model	Dosage of Administration	Ref.
Anticancer	H11	Inhibiting growth	subcutaneous mouse sarcoma S180	4 and 8 mg·kg-1	(Kanayama et al., 1986)
	Pi-PCM0, Pi-PCM1 and Pi-PCM2	inhibiting proliferation	Sarcoma 180 grown in mice	20 mg·kg-1	(Huang et al., 2007)
	PCM3-II	Reducing proliferation and viability and inducing cell-cycle G1 arrest	human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells	400 μg·ml-1	(Zhang et al., 2006)
	ac-PCM2 and wc-PCM2	inhibiting growth	Sarcoma 180 solid tumor grown in BALB/c mice	20 mg·kg-1	(Jin et al., 2003b)
	CS-PCS3-II	increasing necrosis and apoptosis and immunological responses in tumor cells	Sarcoma 180 solid tumor grown in BALB/c mice	20 mg·kg-1	(Chen et al., 2010)
	S1- S6	inducing and facilitating apoptosis	HepG2 and S-180 tumor cells	20 mg·kg-1	(Huang et al., 2006)
	WSP, WSP-1 and WSP-2	anti-proliferation	S180 tumor cells	100 and 200 mg·kg-1	(Bian et al., 2010)
	CMP33	inhibiting growth	MCF-7, A549, HepG-2 and SGC-7901 cells	1 mg·ml-1	(Liu et al., 2019)
	Dehydropachymic acid and Dehydroeburicoic acid	anti-proliferative activity	Molt 4 and HL 60 cells	–	(Lai et al., 2016)
	Pachymic acid	inducing apoptosis by resulting in mitochondria dysfunction	DU145 cells	40 mg·kg-1	(Zhang et al., 2005)
	Pachymic acid	inhibiting-proliferation by activating caspase 3, up-regulating PTEN expression and reducing AKT phosphorylation	primary osteosarcoma cells	10–50 μg·ml-1	(Wen et al., 2018)
	Pachymic acid	Inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of DNA damage-related proteins	NPC cells	10–30 μM	(Zhang et al., 2017)
	Pachymic acid	Decreased cell viability	SGC-7901 and MKN-49P cells	15–240 μmol·L-1	(Lu et al., 2017)
Anti-Oxidant	PCP-H, PCP-U, PCP-E and PCP-M	reducing and scavenging hydroxyl and DPPH radicals	–	–	(Wang et al., 2016)
	PCP-1, PCP-2 and PCP-3	scavenging hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals and ferrous ions	–	–
Anti-inflammatory	PC-II	inhibiting the production of IP-10 induced by IFN-γ			(Lu et al., 2010)
	CMP33	improving colitis by decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines	mice with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)		(Liu et al., 2018)
	Pachymic acid, Trametenolic acid and Polyporenic acid C	inhibiting NO production and iNOS expression	RAW 264.7 cells		(Lee et al., 2017)
Immunomodulation	PCWPW and PCWPS	inhibited T cell proliferation	PC12 cells		(Zhang et al., 2018)
	S-P, CMP and S-CMP	Increasing hemolysin antibody titer and antibody	implanted HepG2 tumor in BALB/c mice		(Wang W. et al., 2015)
Kidney protection	Poricoic acid ZL, ZI and ZK	down-regulating profibrotic protein expression	HK-2, NRK-52E and NRK-49F cells		(Chen L. et al., 2019)
	Poricoic acid A	decreasing the elevated levels of creatinine and urea and improving renal fibrosis and podocyte injury	rats and renal NRK-52E cells		(Chen D. et al., 2019)
Liver protection	PCPs	decreasing the levels of ALT, LD, TNF-α and IL-6	liver injury mice induced by APAP		(Wu et al., 2018)