Table 1.
Summary of all subject characteristics at baseline and comparison among subjects with and without NAFLD.
| All N = 60 | No NAFLD N = 35 | NAFLD N = 23 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatic fat % | 6.2 (5.5) | 2.8 (1.1) | 11.5 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Sex, male | 26 (43%) | 16 (46%) | 10 (43%) | 0.87 |
| Age, years | 14.2 (2.0) | 14.1 (1.8) | 14.4 (2.3) | 0.56 |
| Stage of puberty, advanced | 43 (72%) | 24 (69%) | 17 (74%) | 0.66 |
| Ethnicity/Race, Hispanic | 16 (27%) | 4 (11%) | 12 (52%) | 0.005 |
| Weight (kg) | 101.5 (21.9) | 96.9 (19.0) | 106.6 (24.7) | 0.099 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 37.2 (6.3) | 35.7 (5.4) | 38.8 (7.0) | 0.061 |
| BMI, z-score | 2.4 (0.3) | 2.4 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.2) | 0.061 |
| Total body fat (%) | 44.7 (6.4) | 43.3 (6.3) | 45.8 (6.0) | 0.14 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 113.1 (14.5) | 108.7 (13.3) | 117.7 (13.5) | 0.016 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.8 (10.0) | 126.0 (9.3) | 129.8 (10.5) | 0.15 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 70.2 (5.5) | 70.3 (5.9) | 69.6 (4.8) | 0.63 |
| Glucose, fasting (mg/dL) | 93.6 (9.4) | 95.4 (10.3) | 91.4 (7.6) | 0.12 |
| Insulin, fasting (uIU/mL) | 29.3 (17.6) | 23.9 (15.9) | 37.0 (17.9) | 0.005 |
| HOMA-IR | 6.8 (4.2) | 5.7 (4.1) | 8.4 (4.1) | 0.017 |
| FGF-21 (pg/mL) | 156.2 (104.3) | 140.1 (84.1) | 190.3 (123.0) | 0.072 |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 7.6 (3.6) | 8.3 (3.7) | 6.7 (3.4) | 0.097 |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 60.5 (33.4) | 55.5 (27.9) | 61.3 (34.7) | 0.49 |
| FAR (pg/ng) | 25.7 (29.1) | 19.8 (13.7) | 35.8 (41.9) | 0.042 |
| LAR (pg/ng) | 10.1 (7.6) | 8.1 (5.4) | 11.8 (8.7) | 0.056 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 109.8 (57.1) | 104.9 (65.3) | 117.5 (45.3) | 0.42 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 43.9 (8.3) | 45.2 (8.2) | 41.3 (8.0) | 0.078 |
| FFA (mmol/L) | 4.7 (2.0) | 4.7 (2.4) | 4.8 (1.4) | 0.80 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 32.4 (13.8) | 29.2 (12.2) | 38.3 (14.7) | 0.013 |
| AST (IU/L) | 28.0 (12.7) | 27.9 (14.5) | 28.7 (10.1) | 0.81 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 24.4 (10.5) | 22.1 (9.8) | 27.3 (11.2) | 0.066 |
Statistics shown are N (%) or median (Q1, Q3). P-values are calculated from Fisher's Exact test or Chi-square test for categorical variables, and two-sample t-test for continuous varibales. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferases; BMI, body mass index; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; FAR, Fibroblast Growth Factor 21–Adiponectin Ratio; FFA, free fatty acid; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; GGT, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase; HDL, High- Density Lipoprotein; HF, Hepatic Fat; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment—Insulin Resistance; IHTG, intrahepatic triglyceride; LAR, Leptin—Adiponectin Ratio; LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure.