Table 1. Characteristics of the travel-related rabies cases reported in Europe, 2006–2019 (n = 18).

Year of symptom onset	Number of human cases	Country of residence	Country of infection	Regiona of infection	Prompt post-exposure prophylaxis	Animal exposure	Estimated incubation period	References
2006	1	Lithuania	India	Southern Asia	No	Dog	Unknown	[4]
2007	2	Germany	Morocco	Northern Africa	No	Dog	ca 6 weeks	[4,41]
		Finland	Philippines	South-eastern Asia	No	Dog	< 2 months	[4,42]
2008	1	United Kingdom	South Africa	Sub-Saharan Africa	No	Dog	24 months	[4,43]
2011	2	Portugal	Guinea Bissau	Western Africa	No	Dog	< 3 months	[4,44]
		Italy	India	Southern Asia	Yesb	Dog	< 1 month	[24]
2012	1	United Kingdom	India	Southern Asia	No	Dog	< 3 months	[4,45]
2013	1	The Netherlands	Haiti	Caribbean	No	Dog	< 2 months	[4,46]
2014	3	The Netherlands	India	Southern Asia	Yesb	Dog	ca 8 weeks	[4,47]
		France	Mali	Western Africa	No	Unknown	1 to 6 months	[4,48]
		Spain	Morocco	Northern Africa	No	Dog	6 months	[4,49]
2016	1	France	Bangladesh	Southern Asia	No	Dog	Unknown	[4]
2017	1	France	Sri Lanka	Southern Asia	No	Dog	< 2 months	[4,50]
2018	1	United Kingdom	Morocco	Northern Africa	No	Cat	2 months	[4,51]
2019	4	Norway	Philippines	South-eastern Asia	No	Dog	< 2 months	[4,52]
		Latvia	India	Southern Asia	No	Dog	18 months	[4,52]
		Spain	Morocco	Northern Africa	No	Cat	4 months	[4,52]
		Italy	Tanzania	Eastern Africa	Yesb	Dog	1 month	[4,52]

^a Based on the United Nations Statistics Division [45].

^b Vaccination only, in the country of exposure.

Countries that reported cases: Finland (n = 1), France (n = 3), Germany (n = 1), Italy (n = 2), Latvia (n = 1), Lithuania (n = 1), the Netherlands (n = 2), Norway (n = 1), Portugal (n = 1), Spain (n = 2) and the United Kingdom (n = 3).