Table 4.
Discriminant Validity of the Diabetic Retinopathy Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire
| Knowledge (n = 22 Items) | Attitudes (n = 9 Items) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean (SD) (Logits) | P a | Mean (SD) (Logits) | P a |
| Education level | <0.001 b | <0.001 c | ||
| None or primary | 0.66 (0.81) | 0.98 (1.10) | ||
| Secondary | 0.81 (0.91) | 1.17 (1.26) | ||
| A level, diploma, vocational training, university degree | 1.28 (0.80) | 1.87 (1.19) | ||
| DR severity | 0.039 d | 0.169 | ||
| None to mild NPDR | 0.86 (0.94) | 1.33 (1.08) | ||
| Moderate NPDR | 0.97 (0.66) | 1.45 (1.36) | ||
| Severe NPDR | 0.78 (0.88) | 0.97 (1.18) | ||
| PDR | 1.64 (1.19) | 1.95 (1.64) | ||
| Quiescent PDR | 0.74 (0.86) | 1.21 (1.42) | ||
| DME status | 0.151 | 0.984 | ||
| Present | 1.24 (0.62) | 1.33 (1.23) | ||
| Absent | 0.89 (0.90) | 1.32 (1.26) | ||
| Vision impairment (better eye) | 0.050 | 0.242 | ||
| None (≤0.3 logMAR) | 0.98 (0.85) | 1.39 (1.23) | ||
| Mild (>0.3 logMAR) | 0.71 (0.97) | 1.15 (1.13) | ||
Bolded values indicate statistically significant results.
a
Assessed using one-way analysis of variance and pairwise comparison of means using Tukey's method.
b
Significant difference between none or primary education and A level, diploma, vocational training, university degree, as well as between secondary and A level, diploma, vocational training, university degree.
c
Significant difference between none or primary education and secondary education, as well as between none or primary education and A level, diploma, vocational training, university degree.
d
Significant difference between none or mild versus PDR; severe NPDR versus PDR; and quiescent PDR versus PDR