Table 4.
Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression of stress and associated factors among khat chewers in Amhara region, 2019.
| Variables | Stress | COR (CI = 95%) | AOR (CI = 95%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||
| Age | ||||
| 18-24 | 11 | 77 | 2.55 (0.69–9.41) | 1.19 (0.20-6.89) |
| 25–30 | 42 | 181 | 1.56 (0.47–5.15) | 0.95 (0.19-4.68) |
| 31–35 | 20 | 62 | 1.17 (0.34–4.16) | 0.72 (0.14-3.69) |
| 6–40 | 9 | 43 | 0.44 (0.26–0.74) | 1.64 (0.30–8.74) |
| 41–45 | 4 | 14 | 1.73 (0.45–6.27) | 1.48 (0.22–9.96) |
| >45 | 4 | 11 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 9 | 21 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Small town | 25 | 100 | 1.52 (0.61-3.84) | 0.73 (0.22-2.43) |
| Urban | 56 | 268 | 1.82 (0.77-4.31) | 0.98 (0.31-3.07) |
| Educational status | ||||
| Unable to read & write | 3 | 12 | 0.99 (0.26–3.74) | 0.90 (0.18-4.49) |
| Can read & write | 6 | 31 | 1.28 (0.49–3.35) | 1.23 (0.41-3.69) |
| Primary | 13 | 93 | 0.77 (0.87–3.59) | 1.55 (0.67-3.57) |
| Secondary | 38 | 131 | 0.86 (0.49-1.46) | 0.68 (0.35-1.31) |
| College and university | 30 | 121 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Government | 17 | 38 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Private sector | 19 | 93 | 2.19 (1.03–4.66)∗ | 3.17 (1.29-7.82)∗ |
| Self-employed | 35 | 143 | 1.83 (0.93–5.36) | 2.48 (1.07-5.72)∗ |
| Industries | 0 | 6 | 1.32 (0.19-3.42) | 1.96 (0.42-6.02) |
| Day laborer | 2 | 13 | 2.91 (0.59-14.3) | 2.64 (0.42-14.52) |
| Jobless | 17 | 95 | 2.47 (1.15–5.35)∗ | 2.81 (1.08-7.32)∗ |
| Khat dependency status | ||||
| Yes | 33 | 174 | 1.41 (0.88–2.25) | 1.70 (0.98-2.95)∗ |
| No | 57 | 214 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Family history of khat chewing | ||||
| Yes | 22 | 136 | 1.67 (1.02–2.82) | 4.10 (1.43–11.77)∗∗ |
| No | 68 | 252 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Duration of khat chewing in years | ||||
| 1-5 | 28 | 142 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 6-10 | 35 | 147 | 3.62 (1.07-12.23)∗ | 0.99 (0.51-1.90) |
| 11-15 | 18 | 62 | 3.00 (0.89-10.01) | 0.87 (0.38-2.01) |
| 16-20 | 4 | 30 | 2.46 (0.69-8.69) | 1.14 (0.29-4.40) |
| >20 | 5 | 7 | 5.36 (1.15-25.26)∗ | 0.22 (0.45-1.09) |
| Average duration of minutes for chewing khat | ||||
| 15-90 | 24 | 65 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 91-180 | 10 | 88 | 4.03 (1.77-9.21)∗∗ | 5.91 (2.27-15.37)∗∗ |
| >180 | 56 | 235 | 1.92 (1.07-3.45)∗ | 2.17 (1.10-4.27)∗ |
| Amount of khat in grams | ||||
| 25-50 | 25 | 181 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 51-100 | 47 | 160 | 0.47 (0.28-0.79)∗ | 0.49 (0.26-0.92)∗ |
| >100 | 18 | 47 | 0.36 (0.18-0.72) | 0.32 (0.14-0.73)∗ |
| Number of days spent per week | ||||
| Daily | 51 | 224 | 2.33 (1.01-5.51)∗ | 4.28 (1.49-12.37)∗ |
| 4-6 days | 12 | 56 | 2.47 (0.89-6.68) | 4.78 (1.38-16.54)∗ |
| 2-3 days | 18 | 91 | 2.68 (1.03-6.94)∗ | 4.69 (1.47-15.00)∗ |
| Once | 9 | 17 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
N.B. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001; COR = crude odds ratio; AOR = adjusted odds ratio.