Fig. 3.

Dynamic range. (A) An example of trajectories for $\epsilon =0.22$ with (blue line) and without (black line) perturbations. We added a perturbation $S=10^{-4}$ to the internal dynamics of $x$ and $y$ only at $t_p$ and $\mathbf{X}\left(t_p\right)=\left(\mathrm{0,0}\right)$. The black circle and blue square represent the positions at $t=t_p+\tau$ (here $\tau =400$) of the original and perturbed trajectories, respectively. A trajectory change $F$ is defined as the distance between ${\mathbf{X}}_{\mathrm{O}}\left(t_p+\tau \right)$ and ${\mathbf{X}}_{\mathrm{P}}\left(t_p+\tau \right)$. (B) Relationship between perturbation size $S$ and $F$ for $\tau =100$. (C) Control parameter $\epsilon$ and dynamic range ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_S$. Inset represents the definition of dynamic range ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_S$. These results represent values averaged over $10^3$ simulation runs with different initial conditions.