Table 1.
Estimated Concentrations of 2-Hydroxyglutarate in Tissues or Cells and Body Fluids
| Cancer type | Tissue 2HG concentration (μM) | Serum, urine, CSF 2HG concentration (μM) |
|---|---|---|
| Glioma | ||
| Mutant IDH1,2 | 1000–30,000 (30, 36, 60) | CSF: 14.5–25.5 (7) |
| 800–11,000 (97) MALDI-TOF | Serum: 0.2–1.9 (49) | |
| 350–9000 (77) LC/ESI/MS/MS | Urine: 0.007–0.1 (49) | |
| Mutant IDH1 | 5000 (4) DRAG-EPSI NMR | |
| 1700–2600 (126) 1H&13C NMR 900 MHz | ||
| 11,000 (130) | ||
| wt tissue | 200–400 (97) MALDI-TOF | Serum: 0.2–1.87 (49) |
| AML | ||
| Mutant IDH1,2 | Serum: 3.5–7.0 (16) | |
| Cells: | 4.3–5.4 (159) | |
| IDH1R132H | 2600–14,300 (60) | |
| IDH1 R132C | 12,200–23,300 (60) | |
| Mutant IDH2 | 26,800–32,500 (60) | |
| wt | 20–700 (60) | 6.7 (16) |
| Mutant IDH1,2 | Urine: 20–80 (16) | |
| Myeloma | 1000–4000 (59) cells | Bone marrow supernatant 0.25–4.0 (59) |
| Breast cancer | ||
| 500–20,000 (168) | Serum: 13 (50) | |
| CSF: 15 (7) | ||
| Stage IV | 0.15 (50) | |
| Healthy | 0.011 (50) | |
| Healthy | Serum: 0.7 (50) | |
| Colorectal | 150 (62) | |
| 100–700 (33) | ||
| Renal cell carcinoma | 3000 (147) | |
| Lactic acidosis | ||
| r-2HG | Serum: 2.0 (119) | |
| s-2HG | 2.5 (119) | |
| Healthy r-2HG | 1.3 (119) | |
| Healthy s-2HG | 0.8 (119) | |
Reported amounts of 2HG were converted to concentrations on the assumption of 1 g being 1 mL and based on 200 μm3 volume of lymphocyte (AML cells).
2HG, 2-hydroxyglutarate; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DRAG-EPSI, echo-planar spectroscopic imaging dual-readout alternative gradients; IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; MALDI-TOF, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization - time-of-flight; r-2HG, r-2-hydroxyglutarate; s-2HG, s-2-hydroxyglutarate; wt, wild type.