Table 1.

Patient demographics.

Variables	All patients (n = 13)	Success (n = 7)	Failure (n = 6)
Neonatal data
Birth weight (g)	800 [610–920]	920 [860–993]	605 [600–618]**
Gestational age (week)	25.4 [24.4–26.3]	26.3 [25.5–27.9]	24.5 [23.7–25.3]*
Weight at extubation (g)	870 [775–990]	990 [805–1110]	825 [776–900]
PMA at extubation (week)	27.4 [26.6–28.7]	28.1 [26.7–29.1]	27.3 [26.7–27.5]
Day of life at extubation (days)	8 [4–25]	7 [3–8]	24 [20–27]
Male sex	9/13 (69)	6/7 (88)	3/6 (50)
Pre-extubation blood gas
pH	7.35 [7.30–7.39]	7.34 [7.27–7.35]	7.38 [7.36–7.39]
PCO2 (mmHg)	47 [39–53]	47 [39–51]	46 [42–52]
Base excess (mmol/L)	−0.8 [−4.4 to 1.9]	−3.9 [−5.2 to −1.9]	1.9 [0.4–3.4]
Total hemoglobin (g/L)	133 [116–141]	139 [119–150]	129 [115–138]
Pre-extubation settings
Mechanical ventilation
PEEP (cmH2O)	5 [5, 6]	5 [5, 6]	5 [5, 6]
Mean airway pressure (cmH2O)	7.2 [6.2–7.9]	7.2 [6.5–8.0]	6.9 [6.3–7.7]
Maximum FiO2	0.25 [0.21–0.29]	0.24 [0.21–0.25]	0.28 [0.25–0.31]
Tidal volume (mL/kg)a	4.8 [4.5–4.9]	4.8 [4.8–5.3]	4.6 [4.5–4.7]
Ratea	20 [10, 45]	20 [20, 45]	20 [10, 20]
ETT-CPAP
PEEP (cmH2O)	5 [5, 6]	5 [5, 6]	5 [5, 6]
Maximum FiO2	0.30 [0.24–0.32]	0.24 [0.23–0.28]	0.32 [0.30–0.38]*
Extubation failure
Time to reintubation
Reintubation within 24 h	–	–	4/6 (67)
Reintubation within 72 h	–	–	4/6 (67)
Reintubation within 7 days	–	–	6/6 (100)
Reason for reintubation
Apneas and bradycardias	–	–	5/6 (83)
Respiratory acidosis	–	–	1/6 (17)

PCA post-conceptional age, PCO₂ partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, FiO₂ fraction of inspired oxygen, NCPAP nasal continuous positive airway pressure, NIPPV nasal intermittent positive airway pressure, NIV-NAVA noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist.

Values are presented as median [IQR], median [min, max], or n/N (%). All patients were on assisted control mode before extubation.

*P value <0.05 and **p value <0.01 for comparisons between extubation success vs. failure (Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test).

^aBackup rate available for 10 patients.