Table 2.
The relationship of vitamin D3 and its epimers to diabetes complications in the group of participants (n = 460) with type 2 diabetes.
| 1,25(OH)2D3 (ng/dl) median (IQR) | p value | 25(OH)D3 (ng/dl) median (IQR) | p value | 24,25(OH)2D3 (ng/dl) median (IQR) | p value | 3-epi-25(OH)D3 (ng/dl) median (range) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male (n = 227) | 0.030 (0.014–0.050) | <0.001 | 8.3 (4.4–15.3) | <0.001 | 0.35 (0.20–0.65) | 0.002 | 0.511 (0.284–0.839) | 0.003 |
| Female (n = 233) | 0.020 (0.011–0.037) | 4.7 (2.9–10.3) | 0.26 (0.16–0.44) | 0.304 (0.190–0.579) | ||||
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| No (n = 140) | 0.033 (0.016–0.049) | 0.009 | 7.0 (3.5–14.5) | 0.465 | 0.31 (0.20–0.65) | 0.059 | 0.330 (0.208–0.746) | 0.390 |
| Yes (n = 320) | 0.023 (0.012–0.041) | 6.4 (3.4–13.4) | 0.27 (0.18–0.53) | 0.415 (0.228–0.744) | ||||
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||||
| No (n = 109) | 0.031 (0.015–0.052) | 0.003 | 7.9 (4.0–16.1) | 0.041 | 0.34 (0.22–0.65) | 0.019 | 0.340 (0.203–0.732) | 0.719 |
| Yes (n = 351) | 0.023 (0.012–0.041) | 6.2 (3.3–12.5) | 0.27 (0.18–0.53) | 0.402 (0.223–0.752) | ||||
| Diabetic retinopathy | ||||||||
| No (n = 300) | 0.029 (0.014–0.046) | 0.006 | 6.3 (3.3–13.9) | 0.031 | 0.29 (0.19–0.62) | 0.207 | 0.350 (0.208–0.691) | 0.369 |
| Yes (n = 160) | 0.021 (0.012–0.035) | 7.1 (3.6–13.5) | 0.29 (0.18–0.47) | 0.513 (0.262–0.853) | ||||
| Diabetic Neuropathy | ||||||||
| No (n = 439) | 0.028 (0.014–0.046) | 0.084 | 6.4 (3.4–13.9) | 0.518 | 0.29 (0.19–0.53) | 0.948 | 0.349 (0.208–0.708) | 0.029 |
| Yes (n = 21) | 0.023 (0.012–0.035) | 7.1 (3.5–13.5) | 0.30 (0.17–0.62) | 0.471 (0.265–0.757) | ||||
| PAD | ||||||||
| No (n = 378) | 0.024 (0.013–0.043) | 0.334 | 6.4 (3.4–13.5) | 0.355 | 0.29 (0.19–0.55) | 0.705 | 0.381 (0.219–0.746) | 0.812 |
| Yes (n = 82) | 0.030 (0.017–0.054) | 8.8 (3.6–15.3) | 0.32 (0.14–0.65) | 0.352 (0.251–0.794) | ||||
| CAD | ||||||||
| No (n = 378) | 0.027 (0.014–0.046) | 0.012 | 6.5 (3.4–13.9) | 0.978 | 0.29 (0.19–0.56) | 0.347 | 0.364 (0.209–0.740) | 0.196 |
| Yes (n = 82) | 0.020 (0.012–0.033) | 6.4 (4.0–12.0) | 0.26 (0.16–0.59) | 0.429 (0.287–0.757) | ||||
| Stroke | ||||||||
| No (n = 439) | 0.026 (0.014–0.044) | 0.052 | 6.5 (3.4–14.0) | 0.264 | 0.29 (0.19–0.58) | 0.085 | 0.385 (0.223–0.746) | 0.716 |
| Yes (n = 21) | 0.015 (0.010–0.023) | 5.5 (3.4–8.4) | 0.22 (0.14–0.46) | 0.346 (0.211–0.744) | ||||
1,25(OH)2D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 25(OH)D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; 24,25(OH)2D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; CAD, coronary artery disease; IQR, interquartile range; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.