Table 1.
Details of the sub-group analysis for seroprevalence of bluetongue in India.
| S. No | Variables | Studies included | Strata level Studies | Samples tested | Positive samples | Pooled estimate (RE) (95% CI) | Pooled estimate (FE) (95% CI) | Q Test | p value | I2 value | Tau square | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Animals | Goat # | 44 | 44 | 14696 | 6294 | 43% (38%-49%) | 45% (44%−46%) | 1739.55 | 0.00 | 98% | 0.59 |
| Sheep # | 40 | 47 | 14048* | 5862 | 39% (33%−46%) | 41% (40%−41%) | 1618.26 | 0.00 | 98% | 0.05 | ||
| Cattle # | 21 | 28 | 5218 | 2149 | 35% (25%−45%) | 40% (39%−41%) | 1494.63 | <0.01 | 98% | 0.07 | ||
| Buffalo# | 14 | 16 | 2653** | 1134 | 34% (20%−51%) | 42% (41%−44%) | 458.09 | <0.01 | 98% | 0.11 | ||
| Camel | 07 | 07 | 2062 | 449 | 16% (10%−22%) | 21% (19%−23%) | 73.36 | <0.01 | 92% | 0.01 | ||
| Mithun | 02 | 02 | 222 | 167 | 66% (17%−95%) | 73% (65%−79%) | 39.98 | <0.01 | 97% | 2.60 | ||
| 2. | Geographic region | North zone | 11 | 17 | 3773 | 1753 | 41% (27%−56%) | 47% (45%−48%) | 867.48 | <0.01 | 98% | 1.52 |
| West zone | 28 | 60 | 14668 | 5763 | 37% (32%−41%) | 40% (39%−41%) | 1435.93 | <0.01 | 96% | 0.47 | ||
| Central zone | 05 | 13 | 5776 | 2673 | 46% (39%−54%) | 46% (45%−48%) | 378.77 | <0.01 | 97% | 0.30 | ||
| South zone | 14 | 28 | 6173 | 2011 | 28% (18%−41%) | 40% (38%−42%) | 1554.52 | <0.01 | 98% | 2.02 | ||
| East zone | 09 | 15 | 5109 | 2173 | 46% (37%−55%) | 42% (40%−43%) | 514.66 | <0.01 | 97% | 0.54 | ||
| North East Zone | 08 | 11 | 2868 | 1414 | 44% (34%−54%] | 50% (48%−52%) | 218.68 | <0.01 | 95% | 0.46 | ||
| 3. | Serological test | I-ELISA^ | 19 | 31 | 9792 | 4113 | 40% (35%−45%) | 43% (42%−44%) | 592.22 | <0.01 | 95% | 0.27 |
| AGID^ | 14 | 28 | 6345 | 1254 | 19% (14%−24%) | 18% (17%−19%) | 727.25 | <0.01 | 96% | 0.03 | ||
| C-ELISA^ | 35 | 70 | 20746 | 10341 | 52% (46%−57%) | 50% (49%−51%) | 3896.32 | <0.01 | 98% | 0.05 | ||
| S-ELISA^ | 04 | 08 | 514 | 155 | 25% (14%−41%) | 40% (35%−45%) | 53.58 | <0.01 | 87% | 0.74 | ||
| ELISA | 02 | 03 | 141 | 44 | 25% (5%−68%) | 37% (28%−48%) | 34.49 | <0.01 | 94% | 2.66 | ||
| DOT-ELISA | 01 | 02 | 1010 | 57 | 6% (4%−9%) | 6% (4%−7%) | 1.54 | 0.21 | 35% | 0.04 | ||
| CCIE | 02 | 02. | 351 | 91 | 24% (6%−58%) | 24% (22%−27%) | 31.56 | <0.01 | 97% | 1.16 | ||
| 4. | Study period | 2001-05 | 17 | 41 | 8808 | 2965 | 28 % (22%−35%) | 36% (35%−37%) | 1330.02 | <0.01 | 97.% | 0.89 |
| 2006-09 | 15 | 28 | 7710 | 3323 | 40% (32%–49%) | 48% (47%−49%) | 1183.01 | <0.01 | 97% | 0.88 | ||
| 2010-13 | 16 | 32 | 8431 | 3660 | 43% (37%–50%) | 44% (42%−45%) | 905.71 | <0.01 | 96% | 0.52 | ||
| 2014-18 | 23 | 43 | 13418 | 5839 | 41% (35%–47%) | 43% (42%−44%) | 1515.38 | <0.01 | 97% | 0.56 | ||
| 5. | Sample size | <200 @ | 42 | 84 | 8001 | 3038 | 33% (29%–38%) | 41% (40%−42%) | 1302.03 | <0.01 | 94% | 0.84 |
| 201-500 @ | 21 | 36 | 11347 | 5790 | 51% (43%–58%) | 50% (49%−51%) | 1899.34 | <0.01 | 98% | 0.87 | ||
| >500 @ | 21 | 24 | 19019 | 6959 | 32% (26%–38%) | 39% (39%−40%) | 1629.37 | <0.01 | 98% | 0.43 | ||
* includes the study of Shringi and Shringi (2005) in which the same samples (n = 178) were tested by both CCIE and c-ELISA; ** includes the study of Patel et al. (2007) in which the same samples (n = 173) were tested by both CCIE and c-ELISA. # includes studies on seroprevalence in more than one species of animals. ^ includes studies with more than one serodiagnostic test used on animals. @ includes studies with different sample sizes.