Table 1.
Descriptives of study variables and gender differences.
| Study variables (range/code) | Total (N = 71) |
Males (n = 61) |
Females (n = 10) |
Difference tests |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | t | p | Cohen´s d | ||
| (1) Sec. traumatization (31–110) | 46.71 (14.29) | 46.17 (14.36) | 50 (14.13) | –.79 | .443 | .27 | |
| (2) Depression (0–6) | 1.20 (1.50) | 1.13 (1.45) | 1.60 (1.15) | –1.13 | .445 | .31 | |
| (3) Anxiety (0–6) | .75 (1.27) | .66 (1.78) | 1.30 (1.83) | –1.08 | .305 | .51 | |
| (4) Age (22–51) | 33.73 (7.17) | 33.70 (7.03) | 33.90 (8.37) | –.07 | .946 | .03 | |
| (5) Working years (0–26) | 3.08 (4.86) | 3.34 (5.18) | 1.48 (1.17) | 2.45 | .017 | .38 | |
| n% | n% | n% | χ2 | p | Phi coeff | ||
| (6) Gender (0/1) | 61 (85.9) | 10 (14.1) | |||||
| (7) Educational level (0–3) | 2.13 | .545 | .17 | ||||
| no school degree | 3 (4.2) | 3 (4.9) | 0 (.0) | ||||
| Junior high school | 8 (11.3) | 8 (13.1) | 0 (.0) | ||||
| Senior high school | 30 (42.3) | 25 (41) | 5 (50) | ||||
| A- Level | 30 (42.3) | 25 (41) | 5 (50) | ||||
| Marital status (0–2) | .68 | .713 | .10 | ||||
| Single | 40 (56.3) | 34 (55.7) | 6 (60) | ||||
| Married | 21 (29.6) | 19 (31.1) | 2 (20) | ||||
| Divorced | 10 (14.1) | 8 (13.1) | 2 (20) | ||||
| (8) Relationship status (0/1) | 51 (71.8) | 47 (77) | 4 (40) | 4.11 | .041 | −.29 | |
| (9) No. of children (0–3) | 1.54 | .672 | .15 | ||||
| no children | 41 (57.7) | 34 (55.7) | 7 (70) | ||||
| 1 child | 12 (16.9) | 10 (16.4) | 2 (20) | ||||
| 2 children | 15 (21.1) | 14 (23) | 1 (10) | ||||
| 3 children | 3 (4.2) | 3 (4.9) | 0 (.0) | ||||
| Function | 2.38 | .299 | .18 | ||||
| emergency call takers and dispatchers | 54 (76.1) | 48 (78.7) | 6 (60) | ||||
| dispatchers | 11 (15.5) | 9 (14.8) | 2 (20) | ||||
| call takers | 6 (8.5) | 4 (6.6) | 2 (20) | ||||
| Degree of training | .33 | .952 | .07 | ||||
| no training | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (.0) | ||||
| rescue paramedics | 15 (20.8) | 13 (21.3) | 2 (20.0) | ||||
| rescue assistants | 44 (61.1) | 38 (62.3) | 6 (60.0) | ||||
| emergency paramedics | 11 (15.3) | 9 (14.8) | 2 (20) | ||||
| PTSD cut-off (0/1) | 8 (11.3) | 5 (8.2) | 3 (30) | 4.08 | .042 | .24 | |
| STS cut-off (0–2) | 2.26 | .324 | .17 | ||||
| 0 | 63 (88.7) | 55 (90.2) | 8 (80) | ||||
| 1 (moderate) | 6 (8.5) | 4 (6.6) | 2 (20) | ||||
| 2 (severe) | 2 (2.8) | 2 (3.3) | 0 (.0) | ||||
| Depression cut-off (0/1) | 11 (15.5) | 9 (14.8) | 2 (20) | .18 | .671 | .05 | |
| Anxiety cut-off (0/1) | 5 (7) | 4 (6.6) | 1 (10) | .16 | .693 | .05 | |
| (10) Secure attachment (0/1) | 39 (54.9) | 38 (62.3) | 1 (10) | 9.49 | .002 | −.37 | |
| (11) Dismissive-a. attachment (0/1) | 16 (22.5) | 11 (18) | 5 (50) | 5.03 | .025 | .27 | |
| Fearful-a. attachment (0/1) | 2 (2.8) | 0 (.0) | 2 (20) | 12.55 | <.001 | 42 | |
| Preoccupied attachment (0/1) | 2 (2.8) | 2 (3.3) | 0 (.0) | .34 | .561 | −.07 | |
Numbers in front of variables correspond to numbers in Table 2.