Table 1.

Comparison of highly reported EV characterization methods. For diameter, immunophenotyping, concentration and refractive index ticks depict whether the instrument provides or has been demonstrated to prove a particular measurement metric. For diameter, immunophenotyping, concentration and refractive index, crosses indicate the instrument does not, is not able to, or has not been demonstrated in published literature to provide a particular element at the time of writing this review. EV population detection refers to the ability of the technique to be feasibly capable of detecting sizes of 30–1000 nm We define high-throughput as being able to feasibly analyse 10,000 or more events per sample in <3 minutes. SP-IRIS refers to single particle interferometric reflectance image sensing with optional fluorescence detection.