Table 2.
Univariate Cox proportional hazard model of variables associated with cardiovascular death and all-cause death in HD patients*.
| Variable | Cardiovascular death |
All-cause death |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit of Increase | HR (95%CI) | p Value | HR (95%CI) | p Value | |
| Age | 1 year | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | <0.001 |
| Gender | Female vs. male | 1.08 (0.57–2.03) | 0.81 | 1.37 (0.96–1.95) | 0.08 |
| BMI | 1 kg/m2 | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 0.10 | 1.03 (0.97–1.08) | 0.33 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 1 mmHg | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.05 | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.25 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 1 mmHg | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.72 | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | 0.06 |
| Dialysis duration | 1 month | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.43 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.47 |
| Dialysis duration | 2 year | 0.92 (0.76–1.12) | 0.42 | 0.96 (0.87–1.07) | 0.46 |
| spKt/V | 1 | 0.54 (0.12–2.45) | 0.43 | 0.85 (0.37–1.95) | 0.70 |
| Smoking history | Present vs. absent | 1.39 (0.74–2.61) | 0.30 | 0.88 (0.61–1.27) | 0.50 |
| Underlying kidney disease | |||||
| Primary hypertension | Present vs. absent | 1.56 (0.81–3.00) | 0.19 | 1.92 (1.37–2.75) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | Present vs. absent | 6.11 (2.77–13.48) | <0.001 | 3.27 (1.89–5.65) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | Present vs. absent | 3.07 (1.49–6.30) | 0.002 | 2.17 (1.35–3.31) | 0.001 |
| Cerebral infarction | Present vs. absent | 2.34 (1.11–4.96) | 0.03 | 2.19 (1.43–3.37) | <0.001 |
| Cerebral hemorrhage | Present vs. absent | 2.76 (0.85–8.97) | 0.09 | 1.43 (0.59–3.50) | 0.43 |
| Gout | Present vs. absent | 0.41 (0.16–1.06) | 0.07 | 0.72 (0.46–1.11) | 0.17 |
| CCB | Yes vs. no | 0.69 (0.37–1.30) | 0.25 | 0.73 (0.51–1.04) | 0.09 |
| ACEI | Yes vs. no | 0.62 (0.24–1.60) | 0.33 | 0.73 (0.44–1.20) | 0.22 |
| ARB | Yes vs. no | 0.62 (0.29–1.35) | 0.23 | 0.69 (0.45–1.06) | 0.09 |
| β-Blocker | Yes vs. no | 1.52 (0.72–3.20) | 0.27 | 0.81 (0.49–1.36) | 0.43 |
| α-Blocker | Yes vs. no | 0.54 (0.19–1.51) | 0.24 | 1.03 (0.65–1.63) | 0.90 |
| Aspirin | Yes vs. no | 1.13 (0.53–2.37) | 0.76 | 0.97 (0.62–1.50) | 0.88 |
| Statin | Yes vs. no | 1.59 (0.49–5.16) | 0.44 | 1.16 (0.54–2.49) | 0.71 |
| Iron supplement | Yes vs. no | 0.59 (0.27–1.29) | 0.19 | 0.85 (0.57–1.26) | 0.41 |
| Calcium supplement | Yes vs. no | 0.41 (0.22–0.77) | 0.005 | 0.59 (0.41–0.84) | 0.004 |
| Active vitamin D | Yes vs. no | 0.38 (0.20–0.73) | 0.004 | 0.53 (0.37–0.76) | <0.001 |
| Albumin | 1 g/L | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | 0.02 | 0.92 (0.88–0.97) | 0.001 |
| Prealbumin | 1 g/L | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | <0.001 | 0.002 (0.00–0.02) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin | 1 g/L | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.09 | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.03 |
| BUN | 1 mmol/L | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.52 | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 0.70 |
| Creatinine | 1 μmol/L | 0.999 (0.998–1.000) | 0.22 | 0.999 (0.998–0.999) | <0.001 |
| Uric acid | 1 mmol/L | 1.000 (0.996–1.004) | 0.89 | 1.000 (0.997–1.001) | 0.44 |
| Calcium | 1 mmol/L | 0.69 (0.15–3.09) | 0.63 | 2.17 (0.91–5.19) | 0.08 |
| Phosphorus | 1 mmol/L | 1.07 (0.65–1.77) | 0.78 | 0.95 (0.72–1.26) | 0.71 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 1 U/L | 1.000 (0.999–1.003) | 0.34 | 1.000 (1.000–1.002) | 0.02 |
| 25-Hydroxy vitamin D | 1 mmol/L | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.57 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.55 |
| Iron | 1 μmol/L | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) | 0.03 | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 0.04 |
| UIBC | 1 μmol/L | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) | 0.12 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.27 |
| TIBC | 1 μmol/L | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.95 | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.78 |
| Transferrin | 1 g/L | 1.22 (0.63–2.37) | 0.56 | 1.09 (0.73–1.60) | 0.68 |
| Ferritin | 1 ng/mL | 0.999 (0.998–1.001) | 0.57 | 0.999 (0.998–1.000) | 0.29 |
| iPTH | 1 pg/ml | 1.000 (1.000–1.001) | 0.28 | 1.000 (1.000–1.001) | 0.33 |
| hsCRP | 1 mg/L | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.04 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.03 |
| Triglycerides | 1 mmol/L | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 0.68 | 1.02 (0.94–1.12) | 0.59 |
| Total cholesterol | 1 mmol/L | 0.89 (0.66–1.21) | 0.46 | 0.89 (0.75–1.05) | 0.16 |
| HDL-C | 1 mmol/L | 0.68 (0.25–1.81) | 0.44 | 0.85 (0.50–1.45) | 0.54 |
| LDL-C | 1 mmol/L | 0.85 (0.58–1.28) | 0.40 | 0.84 (0.68–1.04) | 0.11 |
| Apo-A | 1 mmol/L | 0.61 (0.17–2.22) | 0.45 | 0.73 (0.35–1.50) | 0.39 |
| Apo-B | 1 mmol/L | 0.36 (0.07–1.80) | 0.21 | 0.46 (0.19–1.13) | 0.09 |
| Lp (a) | 1 mmol/L | 1.000 (0.998–1.001) | 0.64 | 1.000 (0.999–1.001) | 0.91 |
| Homocysteine | 1 μmol/L | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.89 | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.55 |
| β2-Microglobulin | 1 mg/L | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.58 |
| TMAO (Continuous variable) | 1 μg/mL | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 0.01 | 1.12 (1.07–1.18) | <0.001 |
| TMAO (dichotomous variable) | High vs. low | 2.52 (1.28–4.97) | 0.008 | 2.15 (1.48–3.12) | <0.001 |
*Variables with p < 0.1 for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality are in bold.
Conversion of units: Transferrin: 1 g/L = 12.3 μmol/L; Ferritin: 1 ng/mL = 2.247 pmol/L; hsCRP: 1 mg/L = 0.9524 nmol/L; TMAO: 1 μg/mL = 13.3 μmol/L.