Table 3.
Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model of cardiovascular death in HD patients in which TMAO was considered a continuous variable or a dichotomous variable.
| Model | Cardiovascular death |
|
|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | p Value | |
| TMAO (continuous variable) | ||
| Unadjusted | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 0.01 |
| Model 1 | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) | 0.03 |
| Model 3 | 1.12 (1.03–1.23) | 0.01 |
| Model 4 | 1.17 (1.06–1.28) | 0.001 |
| Model 5 | 1.13 (1.03–1.23) | 0.01 |
| Model 6 | 1.11 (1.01–1.22) | 0.03 |
| Model 7 | 1.13 (1.03–1.25) | 0.01 |
| Model 8 | 1.18 (1.07–1.29) | 0.001 |
| TMAO (dichotomous variable) | ||
| Unadjusted | 2.52 (1.28–4.97) | 0.008 |
| Model 1 | 2.52 (1.23–5.14) | 0.02 |
| Model 2 | 2.46 (1.20–5.04) | 0.01 |
| Model 3 | 2.66 (1.32–5.38) | 0.006 |
| Model 4 | 3.50 (1.65–7.43) | 0.001 |
| Model 5 | 2.59 (1.30–5.13) | 0.007 |
| Model 6 | 2.47 (1.24–4.94) | 0.01 |
| Model 7 | 2.68 (1.33–5.40) | 0.006 |
| Model 8 | 3.44 (1.67–7.08) | 0.001 |
Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, dialysis duration, average interdialytic weight gain, residual renal function, and single-pool Kt/V.
Model 2: adjusted for smoking history, underlying kidney disease, history of primary hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and gout.
Model 3: adjusted for history of taking CCB, ACEI, ARB, β-blocker, α-blocker, aspirin, statin, iron supplement, calcium supplement, and active vitamin D.
Model 4: adjusted for albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, β2-microglobulin, indoxyl sulfate, and hsCRP.
Model 5: adjusted for calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and iPTH;.
Model 6: adjusted for iron, UIBC, TIBC, transferrin, and ferritin.
Model 7: adjusted for triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo-A, Apo-B, Lp (a), and homocysteine.
Model 8: adjusted for hierarchically selected covariates (p < 0.1 in the univariate Cox proportional hazard model): age, systolic blood pressure, coronary heart disease, diabetes, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, gout, calcium supplement, active vitamin D, albumin, prealbumin, hemoglobin, iron, and hsCRP.