Table 3.
Means and standard deviations of symptoms at pretreatment and posttreatment and effect sizes for each class (n = 326).
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | Dissociation | Internalizing behaviour problems | Externalizing behaviour problems | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-PTSD | Pretreatment | M (SD) | 62.63 (10.12) | 10.03 (6.11) | 64.23 (9.40) | 65.51 (9.08) |
| Posttreatment | M (SD) | 43.97 (20.61) | 5.45 (4.89) | 55.67 (9.79) | 58.96 (10.04) | |
| t-test statistic | t(77) = 7.94*** | t(76) = 6.88*** | t(74) = 6.78*** | t(74) = 6.55*** | ||
| Cohen’s d | .90 | .78 | .78 | .76 | ||
| |
95% CI for Cohen’s d |
.63–1.16 |
.53–1.04 |
.52–1.04 |
.50–1.01 |
|
| PTSD | Pretreatment | M (SD) | 38.52 (12.16) | 7.77 (5.85) | 62.15 (10.07) | 62.78 (10.34) |
| Posttreatment | M (SD) | 31.08 (16.31) | 5.31 (5.21) | 55.84 (10.78) | 58.05 (10.36) | |
| t-test statistic | t(161) = 6.39*** | t(158) = 6.78*** | t(157) = 8.27*** | t(157) = 7.36*** | ||
| Cohen’s d | .50 | .54 | .66 | .59 | ||
| |
95% CI for Cohen’s d |
.34–0.67 |
.37–0.70 |
.49–0.83 |
.42–0.75 |
|
| Resilient | Pretreatment | M (SD) | 20.54 (11.43) | 7.48 (6.44) | 60.03 (10.08) | 60.32 (10.80) |
| Posttreatment | M (SD) | 20.25 (13.95) | 4.23 (4.50) | 52.45 (10.90) | 56.00 (10.45) | |
| t-test statistic | t(75) = 0.16 | t(74) = 5.55*** | t(73) = 6.72*** | t(73) = 4.89*** | ||
| Cohen’s d | .02 | .64 | .78 | .57 | ||
| 95% CI for Cohen’s d | −0.21–0.24 | .39–0.89 | .52–1.04 | .32–0.81 | ||
Note: ***p < .001, PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorders; C-PTSD, Complex post-traumatic stress disorder.
C-PTSD n = 79; PTSD n = 170; Resilient n = 77.