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. 2020 Aug 28;10(10):3479–3488. doi: 10.1534/g3.120.401579

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Copyright © 2020 Harrop et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Ultrametric trees of orthogroups encoding Vespid wasp venom components in insect genomes. A. Venom hyaluronidase phylogram showing duplication of this gene in Vespid genomes but not Polistes. B. Venom phospholipase phylogram indicating independent duplications in Polistes and V. germanica from a single gene ancestor in related Hymenoptera. C. Antigen 5 phylogram, indicating two genes encode this venom component in Vespid wasps and Polisties, one of which is missing from the V. vulgaris genome.