Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of survival and non-survival COVID-19 patients on admission.
| Total (n = 236) | Non-survivor (n = 67) | Survivor (n = 169) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | 57 (44–69) | 72 (66–79) | 51 (40–63) | <0.0001 |
| Sex | 0.004 | |||
| Male | 113 (48%) | 42 (63%) | 71 (42%) | .. |
| Female | 123 (52%) | 25 (37%) | 98 (58%) | .. |
| Comorbidities | 93 (39%) | 48 (72%) | 45(27%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 60 (25%) | 35 (52%) | 25 (15%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 28 (12%) | 15 (22%) | 13 (8%) | 0.002 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 27 (11%) | 18 (27%) | 9 (5%) | <0.0001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 8 (3%) | 5 (7%) | 3 (2%) | 0.075 |
| Respiratory system disease | 12 (5%) | 10 (15%) | 2 (1%) | <0.0001 |
| Malignancy | 11 (5%) | 6 (9%) | 5 (3%) | 0.10 |
| Chronic liver disease | 5 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 1.0 |
| Signs and symptoms at admission | ||||
| Fever | 194 (82%) | 57 (85%) | 137 (81%) | 0.47 |
| Cough | 133 (56%) | 38 (57%) | 95 (56%) | 0.94 |
| Fatigue | 81 (34%) | 27 (40%) | 54 (32%) | 0.22 |
| Expectoration | 60 (25%) | 22 (33%) | 38 (22%) | 0.10 |
| Shortness of breath | 60 (25%) | 27 (40%) | 33 (20%) | 0.001 |
| Chest tightness | 51 (22%) | 22 (33%) | 29 (17%) | 0.008 |
| Dyspnoea | 35 (15%) | 19 (28%) | 16 (9%) | <0.0001 |
| Diarrhea | 31 (13%) | 9 (13%) | 22 (13%) | 0.93 |
| Dizziness or headache | 22 (9%) | 5 (7%) | 17 (10%) | 0.54 |
| Sore throat | 18 (8%) | 2 (3%) | 16 (9%) | 0.091 |
| Myalgia | 17 (7%) | 2 (3%) | 15 (9%) | 0.19 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 14 (6%) | 4(6%) | 10 (6%) | 1.0 |
| Disturbance of consciousness | 7 (3%) | 6 (9%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0.003 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| White blood cell count, × 109/L | 5.5 (4.2–7.7) | 8.2 (5.5–12.3) | 5.0 (3.9–6.5) | <0.0001 |
| Neutrophil count, × 109/L | 3.8 (2.5–6.1) | 7.3 (4.5–11.3) | 3.0 (2.3–4.4) | <0.0001 |
| Lymphocyte count, × 109/L | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | <0.0001 |
| Monocyte count, × 109/L | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 0.5 (0.3–0.6) | <0.0001 |
| Eosinophil count, × 109/L | 0.01 (0–0.06) | 0 (0–0) | 0.03 (0–0.09) | <0.0001 |
| Basophil count, × 109/L | 0.01 (0.01–0.03) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.021 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.05 (0.03–0.13) | 0.23 (0.10–0.59) | 0.04 (0.03–0.06) | <0.0001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 29 (5–73) | 92 (59–167) | 10 (5–35) | <0.0001 |
| Prothrombin time, s | 12.0 (11.4–12.7) | 12.8 (12.1–13.8) | 11.9 (11.2–12.3) | <0.0001 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 27.8 (25.9–30.5) | 28.8 (27.0–32.5) | 27.5 (25.1–29.6) | 0.001 |
| D-dimer, mg/L | 0.73 (0.37–2.92) | 4.67 (1.15–17.16) | 0.47 (0.29–1.09) | <0.0001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 25 (17–43) | 25 (20–46) | 25 (16–43) | 0.256 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 28 (20–44) | 45 (28–63) | 24 (19–36) | <0.0001 |
| Total bilirubin, mmol/L | 10.6 (8.0–15.5) | 14.3 (9.8–20.2) | 9.8 (7.5–14.2) | <0.0001 |