Table 1.
Characteristics of the study patients
Variables | Total | Diagnosed hypertension | Undiagnosed hypertension | χ2 statistic (p- value) |
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n | % | 95% CI | n | % | 95% CI | n | % | 95% CI | ||
Overall | 3334 | – | – | 1634 | 49.6 | 47.1 to 52.1 | 1700 | 50.4 | 47.9 to 52.9 | – |
Age (in years) | 29.6317 | |||||||||
15–24 | 237 | 6.6 | 5.6 to 7.8 | 107 | 43.1 | 36.1 to 50.4 | 130 | 56.9 | 49.6 to 63.9 | 0.0008 |
25–34 | 449 | 13.2 | 11.9 to 14.5 | 196 | 43.8 | 38.4 to 49.3 | 253 | 56.2 | 50.7 to 61.6 | |
35–44 | 637 | 19.6 | 18 to 21.3 | 287 | 45.2 | 40.1 to 50.3 | 350 | 54.8 | 49.7 to 59.9 | |
45–54 | 687 | 20.9 | 19.2 to 22.8 | 333 | 49.4 | 45 to 53.8 | 354 | 50.6 | 46.2 to 55 | |
55–64 | 643 | 18.9 | 17.4 to 20.5 | 344 | 54.7 | 49.8 to 59.5 | 299 | 45.3 | 40.5 to 50.2 | |
≥65 | 681 | 20.8 | 19 to 22.7 | 367 | 55.1 | 50.3 to 59.8 | 314 | 44.9 | 40.2 to 49.7 | |
Sex | 18.35 | |||||||||
Male | 1640 | 49.5 | 47.7 to 51.3 | 746 | 45.8 | 42.6 to 49.1 | 894 | 54.2 | 50.9 to 57.4 | 0.0003 |
Female | 1694 | 50.5 | 48.7 to 52.3 | 888 | 53.3 | 50.1 to 56.4 | 806 | 46.7 | 43.6 to 49.9 | |
BMI | 29.2511 | |||||||||
Normal | 1816 | 53.6 | 51.2 to 56.1 | 841 | 47.1 | 44.3 to 50 | 975 | 52.9 | 50 to 55.7 | 0.0001 |
Thin | 361 | 11.1 | 9.9 to 12.5 | 156 | 42.2 | 35.7 to 49 | 205 | 57.8 | 51 to 64.3 | |
Overweight/obese | 1120 | 35.2 | 32.5 to 38 | 620 | 55.6 | 51.7 to 59.5 | 500 | 44.4 | 40.5 to 48.3 | |
Education | 6.5852 | |||||||||
No education | 1576 | 46.5 | 44.1 to 48.9 | 778 | 50.9 | 47.5 to 54.4 | 798 | 49.1 | 45.6 to 52.5 | 0.2125 |
Primary | 602 | 17.8 | 16.2 to 19.5 | 285 | 46.1 | 41.1 to 51.1 | 317 | 53.9 | 48.9 to 58.9 | |
Secondary | 804 | 24.1 | 22.5 to 25.9 | 383 | 48 | 43.6 to 52.4 | 421 | 52 | 47.6 to 56.4 | |
Higher | 350 | 11.5 | 9.9 to 13.5 | 187 | 53 | 46.9 to 58.9 | 163 | 47 | 41.1 to 53.1 | |
Wealth quintile | 90.7085 | |||||||||
Poorest | 610 | 15.5 | 13.3 to 18 | 211 | 35.9 | 31.9 to 40 | 399 | 64.1 | 60 to 68.1 | 0.0000 |
Poorer | 689 | 19.2 | 16.9 to 21.7 | 313 | 44.2 | 39.8 to 48.7 | 376 | 55.8 | 51.3 to 60.2 | |
Middle | 604 | 17.3 | 15.2 to 19.6 | 301 | 49.5 | 44.5 to 54.5 | 303 | 50.5 | 45.5 to 55.5 | |
Richer | 667 | 19.7 | 17.1 to 22.6 | 344 | 50.2 | 44.9 to 55.5 | 323 | 49.8 | 44.5 to 55.1 | |
Richest | 764 | 28.3 | 24 to 33 | 465 | 60.4 | 55.4 to 65.2 | 299 | 39.6 | 34.8 to 44.6 | |
Place of residence | 16.691 | |||||||||
Urban | 2221 | 64.9 | 59.9 to 69.6 | 1152 | 52.2 | 49 to 55.4 | 1069 | 47.8 | 44.6 to 51 | 0.0057 |
Rural | 1113 | 35.1 | 30.4 to 40.1 | 482 | 44.8 | 40.7 to 48.9 | 631 | 55.2 | 51.1 to 59.3 | |
Ecological zone | 3.43 | |||||||||
Mountain | 200 | 5.6 | 3.6 to 8.6 | 92 | 47.1 | 39.4 to 54.8 | 108 | 52.9 | 45.2 to 60.6 | 0.3721 |
Hill | 1694 | 49.9 | 44.2 to 55.6 | 788 | 48.3 | 45.1 to 51.5 | 906 | 51.7 | 48.5–54.9 | |
Terai | 1440 | 44.5 | 39.2 to 49.9 | 754 | 51.4 | 47.1 to 55.6 | 686 | 48.6 | 44.4 to 52.9 | |
Province | 23.7869 | |||||||||
Province 1 | 490 | 17 | 15.2 to 19 | 265 | 53 | 47.7 to 58.3 | 225 | 47 | 41.7 to 52.3 | 0.0511 |
Province 2 | 460 | 16.2 | 14.2 to 18.3 | 243 | 53.1 | 46.5 to 59.6 | 217 | 46.9 | 40.4 to 53.5 | |
Province 3 | 575 | 26 | 21.8 to 30.6 | 303 | 52.7 | 46.8 to 58.5 | 272 | 47.3 | 41.5 to 53.2 | |
Province 4 | 578 | 13.2 | 11.5 to 15.1 | 273 | 46.9 | 42 to 51.7 | 305 | 53.1 | 48.3 to 58 | |
Province 5 | 553 | 17.8 | 15.4 to 20.4 | 253 | 45.4 | 39 to 51.9 | 300 | 54.6 | 48.1 to 61 | |
Province 6 | 343 | 3.9 | 3.3 to 4.6 | 148 | 39.8 | 32.9 to 47.1 | 195 | 60.2 | 52.9 to 67.1 | |
Province 7 | 335 | 6 | 5 to 7.2 | 149 | 41.9 | 33.8 to 50.5 | 186 | 58.1 | 49.5 to 66.2 | |
Caffeine consumption | 0.2587 | |||||||||
No | 2942 | 88.4 | 86.7 to 89.9 | 1434 | 49.4 | 46.9 to 52.0 | 1508 | 50.6 | 48.0 to 53.1 | 0.6895 |
Yes | 392 | 11.6 | 10.1 to 13.3 | 200 | 50.8 | 44.1 to 57.4 | 192 | 49.2 | 42.6 to 55.8 | |
Tobacco use | 5.3524 | |||||||||
No | 2826 | 84.9 | 83.2 to 86.6 | 1410 | 50.4 | 47.8 to 53.1 | 1416 | 49.6 | 46.9 to 52.2 | 0.0338 |
Yes | 508 | 15.1 | 13.5 to 16.8 | 224 | 44.8 | 40.0 to 49.8 | 284 | 55.1 | 50.2 to 60.0 | |
Alcohol consumption | 2.4122 | |||||||||
No | 3249 | 97.8 | 97.1 to 98.4 | 1600 | 49.8 | 47.2 to 52.8 | 1649 | 50.2 | 47.6 to 52.8 | 0.1505 |
Yes | 85 | 2.2 | 1.6 to 2.9 | 34 | 40.6 | 29.4 to 52.9 | 51 | 59.4 | 47.1 to 70.6 |
n, number of sample.