Table 1.
Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of participants across the five waves of the survey (CHNS 2004–2015)
| Variables | Wave 2004 | Wave 2006 | Wave 2009 | Wave 2011 | Wave 2015 |
| n=9960 | n=9888 | n=10 286 | n=9709 | n=10 628 | |
| Age group | |||||
| 18–44 | 4429 (44.5) | 4196 (42.4) | 3977 (38.7) | 3312 (34.1) | 3634 (34.2) |
| 45–59 | 3329 (33.4) | 3272 (33.1) | 3555 (34.6) | 3468 (35.7) | 3539 (33.3) |
| ≥60 | 2202 (22.1) | 2420 (24.5) | 2754 (26.8) | 2929 (30.2) | 3455 (32.5) |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 4787 (48.1) | 4709 (47.6) | 4935 (48.0) | 4567 (47.0) | 5133 (48.3) |
| Female | 5173 (51.9) | 5179 (52.4) | 5351 (52.0) | 5142 (53.0) | 5495 (51.7) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 1755 (17.9) | 1639 (16.8) | 1717 (17.0) | 1639 (17.0) | 1788 (16.9) |
| Non-married status | 8051 (82.1) | 8145 (83.2) | 8360 (83.0) | 8003 (83.0) | 8790 (83.1) |
| Nationality | |||||
| Han | 8705 (87.4) | 8670 (87.7) | 9003 (87.9) | 8534 (88.3) | 9235 (87.7) |
| Nationality | 1253 (12.6) | 1211 (12.3) | 1243 (12.1) | 1133 (11.7) | 1298 (12.3) |
| Education | |||||
| Low | 4183 (42.5) | 4034 (41.3) | 4029 (40.0) | 3663 (38.1) | 3378 (32.1) |
| Medium | 3208 (32.6) | 3055 (31.3) | 3468 (34.5) | 3379 (35.1) | 3814 (36.3) |
| High | 2440 (24.8) | 2672 (27.4) | 2568 (25.5) | 2584 (26.8) | 3317 (31.6) |
| Urbanisation | |||||
| Low | 3057 (30.7) | 2362 (23.9) | 1730 (16.8) | 1630 (16.8) | 1037 (9.8) |
| Medium | 2536 (25.5) | 2956 (29.9) | 3696 (35.9) | 3136 (32.3) | 3627 (34.3) |
| High | 4367 (43.8) | 4570 (46.2) | 4860 (47.2) | 4941 (50.9) | 5924 (56.0) |
| Urban/rural | |||||
| Urban | 3461 (34.7) | 3409 (34.5) | 3508 (34.1) | 3389 (34.9) | 3401 (32.0) |
| Rural | 6499 (65.3) | 6479 (65.5) | 6778 (65.9) | 6320 (65.1) | 7227 (68.0) |
| Income | |||||
| Low | 2977 (30.1) | 2826 (29.1) | 2877 (28.5) | 2798 (29.3) | 3106 (29.8) |
| Medium | 3287 (33.3) | 3159 (32.5) | 3283 (32.6) | 3341 (34.9) | 3560 (34.2) |
| High | 3618 (36.6) | 3738 (38.4) | 3925 (38.9) | 3424 (35.8) | 3744 (36.0) |
| Having medical insurance | |||||
| No | 7174 (73.2) | 4957 (50.6) | 938 (9.3) | 514 (5.3) | 280 (2.9) |
| Yes | 2629 (26.8) | 4834 (49.4) | 9143 (90.7) | 9134 (94.7) | 9391 (97.1) |
| Working status | |||||
| No | 3980 (40.5) | 4078 (41.7) | 4186 (41.5) | 3969 (41.1) | 5486 (52.2) |
| Yes | 5840 (59.5) | 5707 (58.3) | 5893 (58.5) | 5679 (58.9) | 5027 (47.8) |
| History of smoking | |||||
| No | 6634 (67.4) | 6704 (68.5) | 6921 (68.7) | 6690 (69.3) | 7054 (72.9) |
| Yes | 3206 (32.6) | 3086 (31.5) | 3159 (31.3) | 2957 (30.7) | 2618 (27.1) |
| History of drinking | |||||
| No | 6600 (67.1) | 6667 (68.1) | 6730 (66.8) | 6494 (67.3) | 6939 (71.7) |
| Yes | 3233 (32.9) | 3123 (31.9) | 3350 (33.2) | 3153 (32.7) | 2733 (28.3) |
| History of disease | |||||
| No | 8556 (85.9) | 8446 (85.4) | 8355 (81.2) | 7640 (78.7) | 8608 (81.0) |
| Yes | 1404 (14.1) | 1442 (14.6) | 1931 (18.8) | 2069 (21.3) | 2020 (19.0) |
Data are presented as n (%) for categorical measure.
CHNS, China Health and Nutrition Survey.