Figure 1.

Common neuropathological findings in the brains of patients who died from COVID-19

An overview of each brain region with haematoxylin and eosin staining is shown in the first column. Immunohistochemical staining for the astrocytic marker GFAP showed variable degrees of reactive astrogliosis. Immunohistochemical staining for the microglia marker HLA-DR showed reactive activation of the microglia with occasional microglial nodules in the medulla oblongata and cerebellum (green arrows). Staining for the cytotoxic T lymphocyte marker CD8 (brown) revealed perivascular and parenchymal infiltration with CD8-positive cells. GFAP=glial fibrillary acidic protein.