Table 2.
Comparison of Vaccine Platforms for Influenza and COVID-19
| Vaccine Technology/Platform | Influenza (138) | COVID-19 (60) |
|---|---|---|
| Licensed for use | ||
| Inactivated virus | ✓ | X |
| Live-attenuated virus | ✓ | X |
| Protein subunit | ✓ | X |
| Clinical evaluation | ||
| Inactivated virus | X | ✓ |
| Live-attenuated virus | ✓ | ✓ |
| Protein subunit | ✓ | ✓ |
| Virus-like particle | ✓ | ✓ |
| DNA | ✓ | ✓ |
| RNA | ✓ | ✓ |
| Nonreplicating viral vector | ✓ | ✓ |
| Replicating viral vector | X | ✓ |
| Preclinical evaluation | ||
| Inactivated virus | ✓ | ✓ |
| Live-attenuated virus | ✓ | ✓ |
| Protein subunit | ✓ | ✓ |
| Virus-like particle | ✓ | ✓ |
| DNA | ✓ | ✓ |
| RNA | ✓ | ✓ |
| Nonreplicating viral vector | ✓ | ✓ |
| Replicating viral vector | ✓ | ✓ |
COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; RNA = ribonucleic acid.