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. 2020 Sep 21;9:e56359. doi: 10.7554/eLife.56359

Table 2. Effect of HD-tDCS on gene expressions of NTFs in the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and SN/VTA (n = 4–5).

Fold change
(of WKY)		 SHR Sham tDCS-PFC tDCS-M1 MPH Sham vs. tDCS-PFC Sham vs. tDCS-M1 Sham vs. MPH PFC vs. M1
Prefrontal cortex
BDNF 1.15 ± 0.31 0.87 ± 0.11 1.23 ± 0.48 1.65 ± 0.39 0.89 ± 0.38 p=0.146 p=0.003 p=0.929 p=0.162
F(1,8)=2.595 F(1,8)=18.279 F(1,8)=0.00857 F(1,8)=2.373
TFG-ß1 1.37 ± 0.35 1.07 ± 0.12 1.82 ± 0.75 0.88 ± 0.33 1.16 ± 0.27 p=0.056 p=0.260 p=0.507 p=0.033
F(1,8)=1.467 F(1,8)=0.483 F(1,8)=6.576
GDNF 1.13 ± 0.37 1.05 ± 0.23 0.68 ± 0.17 0.86 ± 0.25 0.80 ± 0.18 p=0.022 p=0.262 p=0.095 p=0.022
F(1,8)=8.090 F(1,8)=1.456 F(1,8)=3.586 F(1,8)=8.090
NGF 1.22 ± 0.31 1.51 ± 0.12 1.49 ± 0.30 1.19 ± 0.37 1.44 ± 0.43 p=0.904 p=0.104 p=0.722 p=0.197
F(1,8)=0.0154 F(1,8)=3.360 F(1,8)=0.136 F(1,8)=1.980
NT3 0.69 ± 0.24 0.64 ± 0.12 0.40 ± 0.08 0.59 ± 0.12 0.51 ± 0.11 p=0.006 p=0.586 p=0.119 p=0.017
F(1,8)=13.944 F(1,8)=0.321 F(1,8)=3.042 F(1,8)=8.977
Striatum
BDNF 1.65 ± 0.67 1.65 ± 0.57 2.69 ± 1.07 1.75 ± 1.02 0.76 ± 0.58 p=0.090 p=0.852 p=0.041 p=0.192
F(1,8)=3.707 F(1,8)=0.0372 F(1,8)=5.884 F(1,8)=2.035
TFG-ß1 0.69 ± 0.42 0.95 ± 0.33 2.61 ± 0.72 0.94 ± 0.04 1.02 ± 0.21 p=0.002 p=1.000 p=0.710 p=0.008
F(1,8)=21.618 F(1,8)=0.148
GDNF 0.87 ± 0.17 1.19 ± 0.34 1.66 ± 0.58 1.17 ± 0.31 1.64 ± 0.25 p=1.2368 p=0.927 p=0.046 p=0.132
F(1,8)=2.475 F(1,8)=0.00895 F(1,8)=5.585 F(1,8)=2.805
NGF 1.27 ± 0.68 1.41 ± 0.45 1.67 ± 0.82 1.19 ± 0.35 1.35 ± 0.34 p=0.550 p=0.430 p=0.835 p=0.270
F(1,8)=0.390 F(1,8)=0.691 F(1,8)=0.0464 F(1,8)=1.404
NT3 0.85 ± 0.35 0.60 ± 0.09 0.25 ± 0.12 0.97 ± 0.32 0.61 ± 0.29 p=<0.001 p=0.035 p=0.943 p=0.001
F(1,8)=27.650 F(1,8)=6.386 F(1,8)=0.00554 F(1,8)=22.822
Hippocampus
BDNF 1.96 ± 0.26 1.89 ± 0.58 4.27 ± 1.67 3.27 ± 0.70 2.31 ± 0.27 p=0.008 p=0.032 p=0.183 p=0.151
F(1,8)=2.122
TFG-ß1 0.98 ± 0.31 0.74 ± 0.27 1.14 ± 0.31 1.44 ± 0.33 0.87 ± 0.07 p=0.062 p=0.006 p=0.690 p=0.095
F(1,8)=4.704 F(1,8)=13.400
GDNF 1.03 ± 0.23 0.72 ± 0.11 1.67 ± 0.59 0.82 ± 0.17 0.84 ± 0.10 p=0.029 p=0.384 p=0.173 p=0.029
F(1,6)=0.882 F(1,6)=2.387
NGF 1.16 ± 0.30 0.91 ± 0.31 2.85 ± 0.92 2.46 ± 0.23 1.59 ± 0.20 p=0.007 P=<0.001 p=0.011 p=0.448
F(1,6)=15.973 F(1,6)=63.722 F(1,6)=13.366 F(1,6)=0.660
NT3 1.17 ± 0.15 1.09 ± 0.27 1.77 ± 0.75 1.74 ± 0.27 1.42 ± 0.15 p=0.093 p=0.005 p=0.041 p=0.935
F(1,8)=3.637 F(1,8)=14.400 F(1,8)=5.931 F(1,8)=0.00709
SN/VTA
BDNF 1.02 ± 0.18 1.28 ± 0.13 1.74 ± 0.42 1.69 ± 0.33 1.42 ± 0.54 p=0.114 p=0.062 p=0.641 p=0.846
F(1,6)=5.217 F(1,6)=0.241 F(1,6)=0.0412
TFG-ß1 0.49 ± 0.14 0.56 ± 0.09 0.86 ± 0.12 0.63 ± 0.12 0.75 ± 0.19 p=0.008 p=0.373 p=0.119 p=0.042
F(1,6)=14.868 F(1,6)=0.928 F(1,6)=3.303 F(1,6)=6.629
GDNF 0.52 ± 0.04 0.57 ± 0.04 1.00 ± 0.26 0.51 ± 0.05 0.96 ± 0.16 p=0.156 p=0.428 p=0.061 p=0.118
F(1,6)=2.635 F(1,6)=0.723 F(1,6)=5.299 F(1,6)=3.331
NGF 1.24 ± 0.14 0.93 ± 0.07 0.62 ± 0.41 0.98 ± 0.35 1.24 ± 0.98 p=0.188 p=0.764 p=0.486 p=0.200
F(1,6)=2.209 F(1,6)=0.0991
NT3 1.13 ± 0.35 1.21 ± 0.07 0.79 ± 0.48 1.55 ± 0.96 1.45 ± 0.60 p=0.343 p=0.486 p=1.000 p=0.486

Expression of the BDNF, TGF- β1, GDNF, NGF, and NT3 genes, expressed as fold changes of WKY. Data represent the mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures, followed by Tukey's tests for multiple comparisons. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant; significant results are highlighted in bold.