Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics.
| Variable | Overall (N = 1381) | Survivors (N = 575) | Non-survivors (N = 806) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n, % | ||||
| Sex (female) Septic shock Sepsis |
613 (44.4) 820 (59.4) 561 (40.6) |
361 (44.8) 271 (33) 304(54.2) |
252 (43.8) 549 (67) 257 (45.8) |
0.723 <0.001 <0.001 |
| Smoker | 175 (16.6) | 102 (16.5) | 73 (16.8) | 0.887 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 887 (64.2) | 520 (64.5) | 367 (63.8) | 0.792 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 516 (37.4) | 290 (36.0) | 226 (39.3) | 0.208 |
| Malignancy | 515 (37.3) | 276 (34.2) | 239 (41.6) | 0.006 |
| Coronary artery disease | 457 (33.1) | 245 (30.4) | 212 (36.9) | 0.011 |
| Dyslipidemia | 426 (30.9) | 259 (32.1) | 167 (29.1) | 0.236 |
| Diastolic HF | 390 (30.2) | 209 (27.5) | 181 (34.0) | 0.013 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 298 (21.6) | 156 (19.4) | 142 (24.7) | 0.018 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 239 (17.7) | 125 (15.8) | 114 (20.3) | 0.032 |
| Systolic HF | 208 (15.9) | 89 (11.6) | 119 (22) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 151 (10.9) | 83 (10.3) | 68 (11.8) | 0.364 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 88 (6.4) | 45 (5.6) | 43 (7.5) | 0.154 |
| End stage renal disease | 83 (6.0) | 38 (4.7) | 45 (7.8) | 0.016 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 73 (5.3) | 41 (5.1) | 32 (5.6) | 0.695 |
| ICU admission | 764 (55.5) | 352 (43.8) | 412 (72) | <0.001 |
| Mean ± SD | ||||
| Age (years) | 71.19 ± 15.73 | 70.52 ± 15.88 | 72.12 ± 15.48 | 0.063 |
| Vital signs at presentation | ||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 115.09 ± 28.83 | 117.76 ± 28.63 | 111.34 ± 28.71 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 62.95 ± 18.10 | 63.52 ± 17.38 | 62.14 ± 19.04 | 0.163 |
| HR (per minute) | 102.54 ± 25.32 | 103.48 ± 24.66 | 101.21 ± 26.19 | 0.105 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 93.59 ± 7.91 | 94.56 ± 6.89 | 92.23 ± 8.99 | <0.001 |
| Temperature (°C) | 37.36 ± 1.17 | 37.58 ± 1.17 | 37.04 ± 1.08 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate (per minute) | 22.60 ± 6.41 | 21.82 ± 5.87 | 23.71 ± 6.95 | <0.001 |
| Length of stay | ||||
| ED (hours) | 16.99 ± 22.51 | 15.09 ± 19.06 | 19.66 ± 26.41 | <0.001 |
| Total hospital (hours) | 373.53 ± 512.07 | 300.46 ± 399.60 | 475.95 ± 623.27 | <0.001 |
°C, degrees Celsius; HF, heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; mmHg, millimeter of mercury; ED, emergency department; SD, standard deviation.