Figure 1. 1,25(OH)2D3 up-regulated SOST and modified VSMC gene expression.
Human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were incubated with increasing concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25 (OH)2D3; 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 nmol/l] over 48 h. Up-regulation in gene expression for vitamin D receptor (VDR), sclerostin (SOST) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), not osteocalcin (OCN) (A–D). Dose-dependent down-regulation in gene expression for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and β-catenin (CTNNB1) (E–H). Data expressed as median and interquartile range with maximum and minimum data points (whiskers) for expression relative to GAPDH (n = 6/group); P-value calculated by Kruskal–Wallis test.