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. 2020 Oct 5;11:4978. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18728-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Both the intensity of the hydrological cycle and total forest cover are given as percentage of their present value. The ranges that are delineated by solid lines result from the interaction of local-scale hysteresis of forest cover with regional-scale forest-induced moisture recycling, with those for the recent climate (2003−2014) given in red and those for the late 21st century climate (2071−2100) given in blue. The ranges that are delineated by dashed lines result from local-scale hysteresis only and do not account for regional-scale forest-induced moisture recycling (i.e. they assume ‘static rainfall’). Note that the static climates by definition imply no ranges along the x-axis, but these ranges are kept for display purposes. Red dots indicate recent total annual rainfall and forest cover; blue dots indicate late 21st-century total rainfall and forest cover with no other factors than climate change considered. a South America; b Africa; and c Australasia. For spatial patterns in the ranges in rainfall levels, see Supplementary Figs. 6 and 7.