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. 2020 Oct 5;6:11. doi: 10.1038/s41514-020-00049-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 9 — Free F₂-IsoP was formed from the esterified to phospholipids in RBCs and lipoprotein membranes in plasma. Free F₂-isoP was then rapidly metabolized by the kidney and excreted in urine with its metabolites. Oxidative stress may affect the levels F₂-IsoP directly but the downstream urinary F₂-IsoP level may be modified indirectly by a series of events, including the kidney function, and hypertension.