Table 3.
Adjusted Effect of Market Concentration and Integration on Readmission Rates.
| Heart attack (AMI) | Heart failure | Pneumonia | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Market concentration | |||
| HHI | −1.41E-07 [−0.00000212, 0.00000183] |
−3.36E-07 [−0.00000189, 0.00000122] |
4.76E-07 [−0.000000725, 0.00000168] |
| Integration level | |||
| Independent Physician Assoc. | 0.000717 [−0.00127, 0.00270] |
−0.00167 [−0.00382, 0.000489] |
−0.000311 [−0.00196, 0.00133] |
| Open Physician Hospital Org. | −0.000889 [−0.00269, 0.000909] |
0.00115 [−0.000929, 0.00322] |
−0.000601 [−0.00222, 0.00102] |
| Closed Physician Hospital Org. | −0.000642 [−0.00220, 0.000913] |
0.00117 [−0.000642, 0.00298] |
−0.00191*a
[−0.00336, −0.000453] |
| Fully Integrated Org. | −0.000838 [−0.00182, 0.000142] |
0.000215 [−0.000841, 0.00127] |
−0.00118**a
[−0.00203, −0.000321] |
| N | 14,074 | 22,998 | 24,168 |
| Number of providers | 2,544 | 4,021 | 4,182 |
Note. AMI = acute myocardial infarction; HHI = Herfindahl–Hirschman index. Year and hospital fixed effects also included in regression. 95% Confidence interval in brackets.
a
Bonferroni Correction statistically significant.
*
p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.