Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics at Diagnosis.a
| Category | All, N = 32 | No Intervention, n = 21 | Intervention, n = 11 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60.5 (49.3-73) | 61 (48-74) | 60 (54-73) | .85 |
| Sex, n (%) | .72 | |||
| Male | 17 (53.1) | 12 (57.1) | 7 (63.6) | |
| Female | 15 (46.9) | 9 (42.9) | 4 (36.4) | |
| Weight, kg | 75 (65-90) | 70 (62-86.5) | 85 (75-90) | .04 |
| Height, m | 1.7 (1.65-1.78) | 1.7 (1.65-1.74) | 1.76 (1.59-1.8) | .44 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.3 (23.7-28.8) | 24.2 (23.5-27.7) | 27.8 (25.4-29.4) | .03 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Adipositas | 7 (21.9) | 4 (19) | 3 (27.3) | .59 |
| Hypertension | 19 (59.4) | 12 (57.1) | 7 (63.6) | .72 |
| Diabetes | 8 (25) | 5 (23.8) | 3 (27.3) | .83 |
| COPD | 2 (6.3) | 1 (4.8) | 1 (9.1) | .63 |
| Heart insufficiency | 16 (50) | 10 (47.6) | 6 (54.5) | .71 |
| CAD | 12 (37.5) | 7 (33.3) | 5 (45.5) | .5 |
| CABG | 8 (25) | 5 (23.8) | 3 (27.3) | .83 |
| PTCA | 5 (15.6) | 2 (9.5) | 3 (27.3) | .19 |
| CKD | 14 (43.8) | 8 (38.1) | 6 (54.5) | .37 |
| Chronic renal replacement therapy | 1 (3,1) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | .46 |
| Immunosuppression | 9 (28.1) | 6 (28.6) | 3 (27.3) | .94 |
| Reason for admission, n (%) | .17 | |||
| Surgical | 17 (53.1) | 13 (61.9) | 4 (36.4) | |
| Medical | 15 (46.9) | 8 (38.1) | 7 (63.6) | |
| Sepsis present, n (%) | 30 (94) | 19 (90) | 11 (100) | .29 |
| Side of infection, n (%) | ||||
| Pulmonary | 13 (40.6) | 7 (33.3) | 6 (54.5) | .25 |
| Abdomen | 10 (31.3) | 8 (38.1) | 2 (18.2) | .25 |
| Urogenital | 1 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (9.1) | .16 |
| Soft tissue | 3 (9.4) | 2 (9.5) | 1 (9.1) | .97 |
| Endocarditis | 1 (3.1) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | .46 |
| Mixed | 1 (3.1) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | .46 |
| Nonidentified | 1 (3,1) | 0 (0) | 1 (9.1) | .16 |
| Identified pathogen, n (%) | ||||
| Gram positive | 6 (18.8) | 4 (19) | 2 (18.2) | .95 |
| Gram negative | 9 (28.1) | 6 (28.6) | 3 (27.3) | .94 |
| Fungi | 2 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (18.2) | .04 |
| Viral | 2 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (18.2) | .04 |
| Mixed | 3 (9.4) | 3 (14.3) | 0 (0) | .19 |
| Nonidentified | 8 (25) | 6 (28.6) | 2 (18.2) | .52 |
| GCS, n (%) | .63 | |||
| 3 points | 30 (94) | 20 (95.2) | 10 (90.9) | |
| 15 points | 2 (6) | 1 (4.8) | 1 (9.1) | |
| SOFA score points | 18 (16-20) | 18 (16-20) | 18 (16-20) | .56 |
| Norepinephrine, n (%) | 28 (87.5) | 19 (90.5) | 11 (100) | .29 |
| Norepinephrine dose, μg/kg/min | 0.382 (0.249-0.627) | 0.37 (0.273-0.661) | 0.489 (0.187-0.598) | .64 |
| Dobutamine, n (%) | 6 (18.8) | 5 (23.8) | 2 (18.2) | .95 |
| Dobutamine dose, μg/kg/min | 3.2 (1.837-5.238) | 3.491 (1.806-5.453) | 3.2 (1.96-4.44) | .99 |
| Epinephrine, n (%) | 8 (25) | 7 (33.3) | 2 (18.2) | .52 |
| Epinephrine dose, μg/kg/min | 0.194 (0.096-0.472) | 0.233 (0.148-0.709) | 0.076 (0.042-0.109) | .43 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 31 (96.8) | 20 (95.2) | 11 (100) | .63 |
| Oxygenation index (Pao 2/Fio 2) | 165.5 (95.3-226) | 188 (105.5-304.5) | 150 (87-197) | .21 |
| Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 25 (78.1) | 16 (76.2) | 9 (81.8) | .59 |
| Organ failure, n (%) | ||||
| Respiratory | 27 (84.4) | 16 (76.2) | 11 (100) | .08 |
| Coagulation | 15 (46.9) | 11 (52.4) | 4 (36.4) | .39 |
| Liver | 24 (75) | 16 (76.2) | 8 (72.7) | .83 |
| Cardiovascular | 30 (93.8) | 19 (90.5) | 11 (100) | .29 |
| Neurological | 30 (93.8) | 20 (95.2) | 10 (90.9) | .63 |
| Renal | 27 (84.4) | 17 (81) | 10 (90.9) | .46 |
| Multiorgan failure, n (%) | ||||
| 2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| 3 | 3 (9.4) | 1 (4.8) | 2 (18.2) | .22 |
| 4 | 4 (12.5) | 3 (14.3) | 1 (9.1) | .67 |
| 5 | 15 (46.9) | 11 (52.4) | 4 (36.4) | .39 |
| 6 | 9 (28.1) | 5 (23.8) | 4 (36.4) | .45 |
Note. Bold numbers highlight significant values.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
aDescription of the whole patient cohort (n = 32) and subgroups of patients, who received standard supportive medical treatment (no intervention, n = 22) as well as additional local intra-arterial prostaglandin therapy (intervention, n = 11). Demographic and clinical characteristics at the time of biphasic computed tomography (CT)-based diagnosis of NOMI are given. Values are presented as median (25%-75% interquartile range) or if categorical as numbers and percentages.