Table 2.
Demographic, Clinical, and Biochemical Characteristics for Nonsurviving and Surviving Patients.a
| Category | Deceased, n = 24 | Alive, n = 8 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60 (47.8-73.5) | 63.5 (51-73) | .72 |
| Sex, n (%) | .84 | ||
| Male | 14 (58.3) | 5 (62.5) | |
| Female | 10 (41.7) | 3 (37.5) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.2 (23.9-28.7) | 25.4 (23.5-29) | .78 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Adipositas | 6 (25) | 1 (12.5) | .46 |
| Hypertension | 13 (54.2) | 6 (75) | .3 |
| Diabetes | 8 (33.3) | 0 (0) | .06 |
| COPD | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0) | .4 |
| Heart insufficiency | 11 (45.8) | 5 (62.5) | .41 |
| CAD | 8 (33.3) | 4 (50) | .4 |
| CABG | 6 (25) | 2 (25) | .99 |
| PTCA | 5 (20.8) | 0 (0) | .16 |
| CKD | 11 (45.8) | 3 (37.5) | .68 |
| Chronic renal replacement therapy | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | .56 |
| Immunosuppression | 7 (29.2) | 2 (25) | .82 |
| Reason for admission, n (%) | .54 | ||
| Surgical | 12 (50) | 5 (62.5) | |
| Medical | 12 (50) | 3 (37.5) | |
| Need for abdominal surgery/bowel resection, n (%) | 10 (41.7) | 3 (37.5) | .84 |
| Sepsis present, n (%) | 22 (91.7) | 8 (100) | .4 |
| Side of infection, n (%) | |||
| Pulmonary | 10 (41.7) | 3 (37.5) | .84 |
| Abdomen | 8 (33.3) | 2 (25) | .66 |
| Urogenital | 0 (0) | 1 (12.5) | .08 |
| Soft tissue | 2 (8.3) | 1 (12.5) | .73 |
| Endocarditis | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | .56 |
| Mixed | 0 (0) | 1 (12.5) | .08 |
| Nonidentified | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | .56 |
| Identified pathogen, n (%) | |||
| Gram positive | 4 (16.7) | 2 (25) | .6 |
| Gram negative | 5 (20.8) | 4 (50) | .11 |
| Fungi | 1 (4.2) | 1 (12.5) | .4 |
| Viral | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0) | .4 |
| Mixed | 3 (12.5) | 0 (0) | .29 |
| Nonidentified | 7 (29.2) | 1 (12.5) | .35 |
| SOFA score points | 18 (17-20) | 15 (12-18.8) | .09 |
| Norepinephrine, n (%) | 23 (95.8) | 7 (87.5) | .4 |
| Norepinephrine dose, μg/kg/min | 0.455 (0.321-0.69) | 0.172 (0.073-0.321) | .002 |
| Oxygenation index (Pao 2/Fio 2) | 165 (95-226) | 145 (91-233) | .69 |
| Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 20 (83.3) | 5 (62.5) | .22 |
| Organ failure, n (%) | |||
| Respiratory | 20 (83.3) | 7 (87.5) | .78 |
| Coagulation | 13 (54.2) | 2 (25) | .15 |
| Liver | 19 (79.2) | 5 (62.5) | .35 |
| Cardiovascular | 22 (91.7) | 8 (100) | .4 |
| Neurological | 23 (95.8) | 7 (87.5) | .4 |
| Renal | 21 (87.5) | 6 (75) | .4 |
| pH | 7.26 (7.16-7.37) | 7.29 (7.2-7.4) | .4 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 19 (17-21) | 21 (16-22) | .49 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 8.7 (5.2-14.1) | 2.1 (1.3-9.3) | .03 |
| CK, IU/L | 727 (240-1870) | 223 (50-573) | .1 |
| LDH, U/L | 660 (364-2177) | 663 (459-747) | .9 |
| AST, U/L | 479 (112-1515) | 147 (42-469) | .23 |
| ALT, U/L | 159 (98-471) | 123 (43-205) | .41 |
| Bilirubin, μmol/L | 65.5 (37-193.3) | 35 (10-231) | .32 |
| Leucocytes, 1000/μl | 18 (13.1-25.9) | 15.6 (8.3-27.5) | .51 |
| CRP, mg/L | 104.5 (52-256.3) | 234 (106.3-279) | .19 |
| PCT, μg/L | 7.1 (3.5-13.8) | 16.6 (7-27.3) | .23 |
| Thrombocytes, 1000/μl | 90 (70.3-130.3) | 219.5 (86-396.5) | .001 |
| INR | 1.59 (1.33-2.3) | 1.79 (1.49-2.73) | .56 |
Note. Bold numbers highlight significant results.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CK, creatinine kinase; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; INR, international normalized ratio; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PCT, procalcitonine; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
aDescription of patients, who died (deceased, n = 24) and those who survived (alive, n = 8). Values are presented as median (25%-75% interquartile range) or if categorical as numbers and percentages.