Table 2.
Summary of Antiviral activities of antiviral drugs in COVID-19 treatment.
| Antiviral Drugs | MOA | EC50 [μM] | Major distribution organs | Does drug reduce viral loads in COVID-19 patients |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azithromycin | Block endocytosis | 2.12 | Intestine, Heart, Kidney | Reduced viral loads in nasopharyngeal swabs with hydroxychloroquines |
| Hydroxychloroquine | Block endocytosis | 4.51 | AG, Muscule, Liver, Lung | Reduced viral loads in nasopharyngeal swabs |
| Chloroquine | Block endocytosis | 1.13–2.17 | Liver, Lung, Kidney | Reduced viral loads in patients |
| Favipiravir | Inhibit RdRp | 61.88–100 | Lung, Kidney, Spleen, Brain | Reduced viral loads in nasopharyngeal swabs |
| Ribavirin | Inhibit RdRp | 109.5–500 | Intestine, Heart | Reduced viral loads in nasopharyngeal swabs with LPV/r and interferon |
| Lopinavir | Inhibit 3CLpro | 26.1 | Stomach, Intestine | Failed to reduce viral loads in oropharyngeal swab |
| Ritonavir | Inhibit 3CLpro | >100 | Liver, Kidney, Lung | Failed to reduce viral loads in oropharyngeal swab |
| Darunavir | Inhibit 3CLpro | >100 | Liver, Intestine, Stomach | Failed to reduce viral loads in nasopharyngeal swab |
| Umifenovir | Unknown | 10.7 | Stomach, Intestine, Lung | Failed to reduce viral loads in pharyngeal swab |
| Remdesivir | Inhibit RdRp | 0.11–0.77 | Unknown but not lung | Failed to reduce viral loads in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab |