Table 1. Characteristics of PAICAP Study Hospitals vs 2015 AHA Survey Hospitals With PICUs and/or NICUs.
| Characteristic | Hospitals, No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| With NICU | With PICU | |||
| PAICAP study (n = 132) | AHA survey (n = 1127) | PAICAP study (n = 114) | AHA survey (n = 475) | |
| Consistent reportinga | ||||
| CLABSI | 107 (81) | NA | 91 (80) | NA |
| CAUTI | NA | NA | 87 (76) | NA |
| Region | ||||
| Midwest | 30 (23) | 242 (21) | 20 (18) | 137 (29) |
| Northeast | 43 (33) | 172 (15) | 32 (28) | 79 (17) |
| South | 33 (25) | 440 (39) | 39 (34) | 169 (36) |
| West | 26 (20) | 273 (24) | 23 (20) | 90 (19) |
| Location | ||||
| Metropolitan | 131 (99) | 1061 (94) | 114 (100) | 427 (90) |
| Micropolitan | 1 (1) | 50 (4) | 0 | 29 (6) |
| Rural | 0 | 16 (1) | 0 | 19 (4) |
| Total hospital bed size | ||||
| <100 | 1 (1) | 76 (7) | 3 (3) | 58 (12) |
| 100-399 | 54 (41) | 653 (58) | 41 (36) | 174 (37) |
| ≥400 | 77 (58) | 398 (35) | 70 (61) | 243 (51) |
| NICU beds, median (IQR)b | 26.0 (14.0-40.0) | 15.0 (8.0-30.0) | NA | NA |
| PICU beds, median (IQR)c | NA | NA | 10.0 (6.0-16.0) | 8.0 (1.0-15.0) |
| Full-time equivalent NICU intensivists, median (IQR)b | 6.0 (2.0-11.0) | 4.0 (0.0-7.0) | NA | NA |
| Full-time equivalent PICU intensivists, median (IQR)c | NA | NA | 5.0 (3.0-8.5) | 4.0 (2.0-8.0) |
| Type of ownership | ||||
| Federal | 0 | 4 (<1) | 0 | 4 (<1) |
| For-profit | 26 (20) | 204 (18) | 34 (30) | 57 (12) |
| Not-for-profit | 94 (71) | 772 (69) | 72 (63) | 335 (71) |
| Public | 12 (9) | 147 (13) | 8 (7) | 79 (17) |
| Teaching statusd | ||||
| Graduate | 55 (42) | 532 (47) | 43 (38) | 205 (43) |
| Major | 64 (48) | 222 (20) | 56 (49) | 156 (33) |
| Minor | 4 (3) | 63 (6) | 3 (3) | 14 (3) |
| Nonteaching | 9 (7) | 310 (28) | 12 (11) | 100 (21) |
| Children’s hospitale | 7 (5) | 53 (5) | 9 (8) | 58 (12) |
Abbreviations: AHA, American Hospital Association; CAUTI, catheter-associated urinary tract infection; CLABSI, central catheter–associated bloodstream infection; IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PAICAP, Preventing Avoidable Infectious Complications by Adjusting Payment; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit.
Consistently reporting hospitals were defined as hospitals contributing data to the study in both the first and last years of the study period. Percentages were calculated based on total hospitals reporting each outcome.
Descriptive statistics for NICU beds and full-time equivalent NICU intensivists were calculated for hospitals reporting NICU CLABSI (n = 132).
Descriptive statistics for PICU beds and full-time equivalent PICU intensivists were calculated for hospitals reporting PICU CLABSI (n = 114).
All hospitals were placed into 1 of 4 categories based on their response to the AHA survey: major teaching hospitals (those that are members of the Council of Teaching Hospitals [COTH]), graduate teaching hospitals (non-COTH members with a residency training program approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education), minor teaching hospitals (non-COTH members with a medical school affiliation reported to the American Medical Association), and nonteaching hospitals (all other institutions).
A children’s hospital was defined as a hospital reporting that it restricts admissions primarily to children in the AHA survey. Three PICU study hospitals and 1 NICU study hospital had missing children’s hospital status.