cals5-2 is a PGMS line. A, cals5-2 exhibited severely reduced male fertility under normal conditions. Few pollen grains were produced in cals5-2 anther. B, The fertility of cals5-2 was restored under low temperature. C, The fertility of cals5-2 was restored under SD conditions, and pollen maturation was recovered. The images of plants shown in A, B, and C were digitally extracted for comparison. Bars = 20 μm. D, Pollen maturation was delayed by 1 d under SD conditions compared with LD conditions. E, Diameters of microspores at different developmental stages. Twenty microspores or pollen grains were used to measure the diameter at each developmental stage, respectively. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the diameter of microspores (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.001; ns, not significant [P > 0.05]). Error bars represent the sd of pollen diameters. The diameter of microspores at 48 and 96 h under a SD photoperiod was significantly reduced compared to a LD photoperiod.