Table 1.

Basic and metabolic parameters.

	Butyrate (n = 12)			Donor FMT (n = 12)
	Before	After	P	Before	After	P	∗P
BMI, kg/m2	34.3 ± 3.4	34.2 ± 3.7	0.76	33.0 ± 3.5	33.1 ± 3.4	0.35	0.36
Fasting glucose, mmol/l	6.1 [5.7–6.3]	5.7 [5.4–6.5]	0.23	5.6 [5.2–5.8]	5.5 [5.0–5.9]	0.281	0.54
Fasting insulin, pmol/l	70 [59–114]	61 [48–96]	0.25	77 [53–105]	66 [62–83]	0.169	0.81
HbA1c, mmol/l	40 [35–45]	37 [34–44]	0.04	37 [34–39]	35 [33–38]	0.04	0.41
Cholesterol
-Total, mmol/l	5.5 ± 1	5.1 ± 0.8	0.04	5.9 ± 1.2	5.6 ± 1	0.09	0.85
-LDL, mmol/	3.5 [2.6–4.3]	3.2 [2.8–4]	0.14	3.9 [3.1–4.5]	3.7 [2.8–4.2]	0.27	0.72
-HDL, mmol/l	1.4 [1.2–1.6]	1.4 [1.2–1.5]	0.55	1.6 [1.3–1.8]	1.4 [1.2–1.6]	0.05	0.26
-Triglycerides, mmol/l	1.4 [1.1–1.7]	1.2 [0.9–1.4]	0.03	1.2 [0.8–1.5]	1.3 [0.9–1.4]	0.84	0.11
Glucose Rd, umol/kg.min	38.5 [30.8–47.4]	38.1 [27.5–42.9]	0.21	38.1 [33.4–53.2]	39.9 [27.9–45.9]	0.21	0.32
EGP suppression, %	74.8 [64.8–82.4]	79 [70.2–86.7]	0.87	82.7 [75.7–97.3]	91.2 [73.8–99.7]	0.34	0.81
REE, kcal/day	1761 ± 259	1738 ± 210	0.56	1694 ± 220	1673 ± 205	0.63	0.91
Glycerol Ra suppression, %	66.6 [63.4–69.6]	68.6 [47.8–74.4]	0.58	64.7 [56.8–67.6]	53.5 [44.8–67]	0.31	0.60
FFA suppression, %	89.6 ± 4.9	86.9 ± 5.9	0.09	89.3 ± 7.7	90.1 ± 5.2	0.68	0.15
IHTG, %	4.7 [2.8–11.1]	4.3 [3.5–12.0]	0.91	5.8 [3.9–12.9]	6.1 [3.3–11.8]	0.59	0.77
CRP, mg/ml	2.5 [2.9–5.0]	1.7 [0.9–4.6]	0.38	2.1 [0.9–3.1]	3.2 [1.0–5.2]	0.13	0.10
Creatinine, μmol/l	76 ± 12	76 ± 11	0.82	75 ± 14	74 ± 13	0.67	0.66
SBP, mmHg	134 [100–141]	128 [124–141]	0.35	126 [115–140]	119 [111–138]	0.69	0.45
DBP, mmHg	72 [60–75]	70 [65–77]	0.43	73 [66–75]	68 [63–78]	0.209	0.25
MAP, mmHg	95 [76–98]	91 [87–102]	0.34	91 [85–103]	85 [82–102]	0.34	0.22
HR, beats/min	61 [56–67]	58 [55–63]	0.12	62 [60–70]	63 [59–66]	0.93	0.16
CO, l/min	5.5 [5.2–6.1]	6 [4.9–6.3]	0.53	5.5 [5.1–6.1]	5.5 [5.4–6]	0.21	0.48
SDNN, millisecond	44 [34–55]	64 [50–73]	0.01	49 [41–57]	54 [40–70]	0.53	0.13
Compliance, number of capsules not taken	0	0		0	0

Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median [IQR]. ∗p = change over time between groups. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. BMI = body mass index, HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, CRP = c-reactive protein, SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, EGP = endogenous glucose production, Rd = rate of disappearance (insulin sensitivity), Ra = rate of appearance, FFA = free fatty acid, REE = resting energy expenditure, IHTG = intrahepatic triglyceride, MAP = mean arterial pressure, HR = heart rate, CO = cardiac output, SDNN = standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals (inter-beat intervals derived from continuous blood pressure recordings after filtering).