Table 2.
Associations of low birth weight, small for gestational age, preterm birth, or maternal preeclampsia with subsequent diagnosis of CKD
| Exposure | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Adjusted | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Cohort | Men | Women | Cohort Born before 1990 | |||||||||
| N CKD | OR (95% CI) | N CKD | OR (95% CI)a | N CKD | OR (95% CI)a | OR (95% CI)a | ||||||
| Birth weight below tenth percentile, LBW | No | 3759 | 1.0 (ref) | 2304 | 1.0 (ref) | 1455 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Yes | 724 | 1.72 (1.60 to 1.90) | 427 | 1.56 (1.41 to 1.73) | 297 | 1.72 (1.51 to 2.00) | 1.58 (1.45 to 1.73) | |||||
| z-Score below tenth percentile, SGA | No | 3564 | 1.0 (ref) | 2174 | 1.0 (ref) | 1390 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Yes | 708 | 1.79 (1.65 to 1.94) | 430 | 1.52 (1.37 to 1.70) | 278 | 1.51 (1.33 to 1.72) | 1.51 (1.40 to 1.63) | |||||
| Preterm birth | No | 4196 | 1.0 (ref) | 2541 | 1.0 (ref) | 1655 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Yes | 299 | 1.48 (1.33 to 1.66) | 198 | 1.55 (1.34 to 1.80) | 101 | 1.40 (1.14 to 1.71) | 1.35 (1.17 to 1.55) | |||||
| Birth weight <2.5 kg |
No | 4235 | 1.0 (ref) | 2587 | 1.0 (ref) | 1648 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||
| Yes | 260 | 1.85 (1.62 to 2.10) | 152 | 1.87 (1.58 to 2.20) | 108 | 1.80 (1.49 to 2.2) | 1.79 (1.55 to 2.07) | |||||
| Maternal preeclampsia | No | 4352 | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | ||||||
| Yes | 143 | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.31) | 1.18 (0.94 to 1.50) | 1.44 (1.12 to 1.9) | 1.26 (1.04 to 1.33) | |||||||
OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; ref, reference; LBW, low birth weight; SGA, small for gestational age.
a
Adjusted for sex, maternal disease (defined as maternal diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, rheumatic disease, or essential hypertension diagnosed before pregnancy), maternal marital status, and malformations in the newborn.