Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and laboratory measurements of study participants
| Healthy volunteers n=22 |
Patients with obesity n=18 |
P value† | Patients with obesity with T2DM n=14 | P value‡ | |
| Age, (year) | 35.23±9.60 | 30.89±8.44 | 0.142 | 42.00±12.39 | 0.005 |
| Sex, male n (%) | 8 (36.4%) | 7 (38.9%) | 0.870 | 5 (35.7%) | 0.854 |
| Weight, kg | 59.72±8.52 | 118.1±26.89 | <0.001 | 114.36±32.44* | 0.724 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.92±1.62 | 40.94±5.97 | <0.001 | 40.34±9.02* | 0.824 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 107.73±8.69 | 127.22±10.74 | <0.001 | 129.5±9.22* | 0.532 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 74.09±7.96 | 75.56±8.56 | 0.579 | 78.29±3.6* | 0.234 |
| WBC, µL | 5550±1228.92 | 8055.56±2130.24 | <0.001 | 9385.71±2342.21* | 0.104 |
| eGFR CKD-EPI by Cr, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 108.16±11.73 | 116.27±10.65 | 0.029 | 107.3±37.24 | 0.396 |
| eGFR CKD-EPI by cysC, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 116.82±10.89 | 105.86±10.47 | 0.003 | 93.65±37.46* | 0.256 |
| AST, U/L | 18.67±5.49 | 40.67±22.87 | 0.001 | 35.42±25.06* | 0.542 |
| ALT, U/L | 16.95±8.54 | 69.22±42.94 | <0.001 | 51.97±45.73* | 0.282 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 177.67±22.63 | 216.28±41.22 | 0.002 | 183.74±49.05 | 0.050 |
| Triglyceride mg/dL | 93.38±52.52 | 193.28±115.84 | 0.003 | 205.57±70.61* | 0.729 |
| LDL cholesterol mg/dL | 106.32±19.6 | 148.67±41.13 | 0.001 | 118.33±49.76 | 0.069 |
| HDL cholesterol mg/dL | 66.73±14.23 | 46.83±9.61 | <0.001 | 45.91±15.98* | 0.840 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 97.05±7.12 | 107.61±16.26 | 0.018 | 148.58±51.09* | 0.011 |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 0.78±0.09 | 0.86±0.09 | 0.005 | 3±7.21 | 0.288 |
| C-peptide, ng/mL | 4.54±1.97 | N/A | 3.72±1.63 | 0.215 | |
| BUN, mg/dL | 11.2 (8.88–12.9) | 10.85 (9.58–13.35) | 0.744 | 14.35 (11.08–20.98)* | 0.055 |
| Serum Cr, mg/dL | 0.72 (0.67–0.99) | 0.67 (0.61–0.87) | 0.165 | 0.745 (0.56–0.94) | 0.732 |
| HbA1c, mg/dL | 5.65 (5.4–5.9) | N/A | 7.0 (6.58–9.23) | <0.001 | |
| Urinary protein, mg/day | 58.65 (44.53–77.55) | 86 (64.35–135.85) | 0.003 | 113.5 (105.23–288.25)* | 0.044 |
| Urinary albumin, mg/day | 2 (1.55–3.08) | 5.85 (2.53–32.18) | <0.001 | 14.05 (8.15–111.1)* | 0.033 |
| Urinary Cr, mg/dL | 1.5 (1.25–2.2) | N/A | 1.65 (1.38–2.23) | 0.580 |
Data are presented as means±SD or median (IQR). Differences among healthy volunteers, patients with obesity and patients with obesity with T2DM were assessed using Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. The sex variables were evaluated using χ2 test.
*P <0.05 between healthy volunteer and patients with obesity with T2DM.
†P (healthy volunteers vs patients with obesity).
‡P (patient with obesity vs patients with obesity with T2DM).
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BSA, body surface area; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CKD-EPI, CKD Epidemiology Collaboration; Cr, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; N/A, not available; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; WBC, white blood cell.