Table 2.

The physiological responses to exercise

Parameter	Rest	Exercise	End of exercise	End of exercise p value
V̇O2 (L/min)
Euglycemia	0.405±0.088	1.87±0.36*	1.958±0.420*	0.889
Hypoglycemia	0.343±0.085	1.85±0.38*	1.860±0.400*
V̇CO2 (L/min)
Euglycemia	0.36±0.08	1.77±0.06*	1.85±0.42*	0.835
Hypoglycemia	0.31±0.07	1.76±0.36*	1.75±0.35*
Respiratory exchange ratio (L/min)
Euglycemia	0.90±0.03	0.95±0.03*	0.94±0.03*	0.954
Hypoglycemia	0.91±0.07	0.95±0.03*	0.94±0.04*
Carbohydrate oxidation (g/min)
Euglycemia	0.3±0.1	1.9±0.5*	2.0±0.6*	0.786
Hypoglycemia	0.3±0.1	1.9±0.4*	1.9±0.4*
Lipid oxidation (g/min)
Euglycemia	0.069±0.023	0.17±0.08*	0.185±0.845*	0.811
Hypoglycemia	0.058±0.040	0.15±0.07*	0.189±0.117*
Oxygen pulse (mL/beat)
Euglycemia	0.007±0.005	0.01±0.00*	0.01±0.00*	0.269
Hypoglycemia	0.003±0.005	0.01±0.00*	0.01±0.00*
Minute ventilation (L/min)
Euglycemia	14.2±2.4	52.2±9.2*	55.5±11.6*	0.852
Hypoglycemia	12.3±2.2	52.1±9.9*	52.8±8.9*
Tidal volume (L/min)
Euglycemia	0.69±0.16	1.68±0.41*	1.71±0.46*	0.925
Hypoglycemia	0.66±0.12	1.74±0.42*	1.69±0.45*
End-tidal oxygen partial pressure (mm Hg)
Euglycemia	109.60±2.91	107.42±3.21*	108.36±4.16	0.460
Hypoglycemia	109.88±6.15	106.21±4.24*	106.75±4.56*
End-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (mm Hg)
Euglycemia	35.37±2.59	38.02±2.69*	37.01±3.32	0.919
Hypoglycemia	34.25±3.59	38.23±3.59*	37.33±3.61*
Pedal revolutions per minute (revolutions/min)
Euglycemia	0±0	71±6*	72±8*	0.215
Hypoglycemia	0±0	68±7*	66±10*
Heart rate (bpm)
Euglycemia	75±9	136±13*	142±14*	0.438
Hypoglycemia	77±13	136±14*	145±16*
Rate of perceived exertion (Borg scale)
Euglycemia	6±3	11±2*	12±3*	0.150
Hypoglycemia	6±0	10±2*	13±3*

Data are presented as mean±SD (n=13). Spirometry data are reported as the 60 s mean of 5 s data points over each 6 min time interval.

Data have been treated via univariate analysis with exercise duration, pre-exercise insulin dosing amount (inclusive of all basal and bolus doses) and the insulin dosing arm (ie, full vs reduced dose) included as covariates in the model.

*P≤0.05 in the comparison with the resting value.

V̇CO₂, volume of exhaled carbon dioxide; V̇O₂, volume of inhaled oxygen.