Table 2. Select A. fumigatus secondary metabolites implicated in modulating host biology.
| Function | Reference(s) | Evidence of biosynthetic gene cluster/ secondary metabolite | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. fumigatus | A. oerlinghausenensis | A. fischeri | |||||||
| Af293 | CEA10 | CEA17 | CBS 139183T | NRRL 181 | NRRL 4585 | NRRL 4161 | |||
| Gliotoxin | Inhibits host immune response | Sugui et al. (2007) | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ |
| Fumitremorgin | Inhibits the breast cancer resistance protein | González-Lobato et al. (2010) | +/− | +/+ | +/− | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ |
| Verruculogen | Changes electrophysical properties of human nasal epithelial cells | Khoufache et al. (2007) | +/− | +/+ | +/− | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ |
| Trypacidin | Damages lung cell tissues | Gauthier et al. (2012) | +/+ | +/+ | +/− | +/+ | +/− | −/− | −/− |
| Pseurotin | Inhibits immunoglobulin E | Ishikawa et al. (2009) | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | −/− | −/− | −/− |
| Fumagillin | Inhibits neutrophil function | Fallon et al. (2010, 2011) | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | −/− | −/− | −/− |
A list of select secondary metabolites implicated in human disease and their functional role are described here. All secondary metabolites listed or analogs thereof were identified during secondary metabolite profiling. Plus (+) and minus (−) signs indicate the presence or absence of the BGC and secondary metabolite, respectively. For example, +/+ indicates both BGC presence and evidence of secondary metabolite production, whereas +/− indicates BGC presence but no evidence of secondary metabolite production.