Table 1.
Nursing Home and County Characteristics by Nursing Home Quartile Groups of Proportion of Racial/Ethnic Minority Residents
| Nursing home characteristic | All nursing homes (n = 12,576) | Nursing homes by proportion of racial/ethnic minority residents a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (<2.92%) (n = 3,143) | Medium (2.92%–11.11%) (n = 3,149) | Medium‐high (11.11%–30.18%) (n = 3,140) | High (≥30.18%) (n = 3,144) | ||
| Racial/ethnic minority residents, % | 19.7 ± 21.7 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 6.4 ± 2.4 | 19.4 ± 5.4 | 52.1 ± 16.2 |
| Total No. of beds | 108.2 ± 59.2 | 86.3 ± 44.8 | 102.9 ± 54.2 | 116.2 ± 58.8 | 127.3 ± 68.3 |
| No. of residents | 88.9 ± 52.8 | 70.3 ± 39.4 | 83.5 ± 47.7 | 94.4 ± 52.3 | 107.5 ± 61.9 |
| Ownership | |||||
| For profit | 8,861 (70.5) | 1,602 (51.0) | 2,147 (68.2) | 2,453 (78.1) | 2,659 (84.6) |
| Nonprofit | 2,938 (23.4) | 1,266 (40.3) | 799 (25.4) | 527 (16.8) | 346 (11.0) |
| Government owned | 777 (6.2) | 275 (8.8) | 203 (6.5) | 160 (5.1) | 139 (4.4) |
| Chain affiliated | 7,490 (59.6) | 1,659 (52.8) | 1,921 (61.0) | 1,980 (63.1) | 1,930 (61.4) |
| Hospital affiliated | 398 (3.2) | 164 (5.2) | 84 (2.7) | 70 (2.2) | 80 (2.5) |
| Medicaid residents, % | 60.1 ± 22.1 | 52.1 ± 22.4 | 56.9 ± 22.2 | 62.6 ± 20.3 | 69.0 ± 19.7 |
| Medicare residents, % | 13.4 ± 12.0 | 12.7 ± 12.2 | 14.7 ± 13.1 | 14.4 ± 12.3 | 11.9 ± 9.9 |
| Case mix index score | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.2 |
| RN hours per resident day | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.3 |
| Total nurse hours per resident day | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 3.7 ± 0.8 |
| Overall five‐star rating | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.6 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | 2.7 ± 1.4 |
| County characteristic | |||||
| Total No. of COVID‐19 cases as of May 31, ×1,000 | 5.0 ± 14.3 | 1.7 ± 6.7 | 2.9 ± 8.1 | 4.7 ± 11.9 | 11.1 ± 22.8 |
| Total No. of COVID‐19 deaths as of May 31, ×1,000 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 1.6 |
| Total population × 100,000 | 7.7 ± 16.8 | 2.4 ± 6.5 | 4.0 ± 8.0 | 7.2 ± 13.2 | 17.2 ± 26.7 |
| Population aged ≥65 y, % | 16.9 ± 4.0 | 18.6 ± 3.8 | 17.7 ± 4.1 | 16.4 ± 4.0 | 14.9 ± 3.1 |
| Medium household income ×$1,000 | 56.4 ± 15.0 | 54.3 ± 12.4 | 56.2 ± 14.4 | 57.7 ± 15.7 | 57.4 ± 16.7 |
| Population with high school graduation, % | 87.5 ± 5.3 | 89.3 ± 4.4 | 88.7 ± 4.6 | 87.4 ± 5.1 | 84.9 ± 5.7 |
| Market competition for nursing home care | 78.9 ± 24.8 | 71.0 ± 26.3 | 77.3 ± 24.3 | 82.2 ± 22.8 | 85.3 ± 23.0 |
Note: Data are given as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage).
Abbreviation: RN, registered nurse.
a
All P values were <.001 for comparisons of group differences based on analyses of variance for continuous variables and chi‐square tests for categorical variables.